ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

10th Century BC

The 10th century BC was a period marked by significant cultural, historical, and geographical developments across various regions. This era saw the rise and fall of several ancient civilizations, including those in India, Egypt, China, and Southeast Asia.

In **India**, the Iron Age began around this time, with the Panchala, Kuru, Kosala, Pandya, and Videha kingdoms emerging as major powers. The Sa Huỳnh culture started in central and southern Vietnam during this period, while the Aryans entered the Gujerat region of India, marking a significant turning point in Hinduism's development.

In **Egypt**, several notable events took place: Amenemope succeeded Psusennes I as king around 993 BC; Osorkon the Elder followed Amenemope, and later Siamun became king after Osorkon. The reigns of Pharaohs Tiglath-Pileser II in Assyria (967 BC) and Solomon in Israel (962 BC) also occurred during this time.

In **China**, King Gong of Zhuo ruled over the Zhoudynasty from 946 to 945/943 BC, while King Mo of Zhou died around 947 SM. The Zhou dynasty's influence extended beyond its borders, with the introduction of iron tools and bronze metallurgy in various regions.

The **Dong Son culture** flourished in northern Vietnam during this period (1000-43 BC), characterized by advanced bronze metallurgy and rice cultivation. In Japan, the Jōmon final period came to an end around 1000 BC, marking a transition towards new cultural developments.

In **Southeast Asia**, the kingdom of Axum was allegedly founded by Menelik I in Ethiopia according to tradition (around 950 BC), although this is disputed among researchers. The foundation of Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka and the emergence of the Villanovan culture in northern Italy also occurred during this time.

The **Partition of ancient Israel** took place around 925 BC, dividing it into the Kingdoms of Judah and Israel. Notable figures such as Solomon, Jeroboam, Abia, Nadab, Phorbas, Thersippus, Megacles, and Archippus played significant roles in shaping their respective kingdoms during this era.

Overall, the 10th century BC was a transformative period marked by cultural exchange, technological advancements, and the rise of new civilizations across various regions.