ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

The Years 1190 BC: A Time of Invasion and Empire Collapse

The years 1190 BC mark a pivotal moment in ancient history, characterized by widespread invasions and the collapse of several powerful empires. This period saw the rise of new powers and the decline of others, leaving an indelible mark on the region.

In Alashiya (modern-day Cyprus), the Hittite king Supiluliuma II led a coalition of allies from Ugarit and Loveru to repel the first assaults of various invaders. However, despite their efforts, the Mouchki, allied with the Gasga, took advantage of the confusion to destroy the Hittite empire and create the kingdom of Phrygia. The Louvites beyond the Taurus Mountains were also pushed back, marking a significant shift in the regional balance of power.

The invasion of Alashiya was part of a broader campaign by the peoples of the sea, who ravaged neighboring countries from their base in Amourrou. Hattusa, the capital city of the Hittite Empire, was burned and abandoned by its inhabitants before its destruction. The outer provinces of the empire revolted, taking advantage of the lack of central power.

Meanwhile, Pharaoh Ramses III ruled Egypt for 31 years, from 1198 to 1166 BC. During this period, he faced significant external threats from the peoples of the sea, who were infiltrating Libya and advancing south into Cilicia and Naharina. The Hatti Empire was on the brink of collapse, while Phoenician ports like Ougarit were destroyed.

The Indo-Europeans also invaded Cyprus and Canaan, posing a threat to Egypt's stability. Ramses III continued the monumental work of his predecessor, Ramses II, by commissioning the construction of temples in Medina-Habou and Khonsu.

The Legacy of 1190 BC

The events of 1190 BC had far-reaching consequences for the ancient world. The collapse of the Hittite Empire marked a significant shift in the regional balance of power, while the rise of Phrygia and the kingdom of Egypt's continued dominance would shape the course of history.

In Cyprus specifically, this period saw the beginning of Indo-European influence, which would have lasting impacts on the island's culture and identity. The legacy of 1190 BC serves as a reminder of the complex web of alliances, rivalries, and invasions that defined ancient