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1190s in Architecture

The late 12th century was a transformative period for architecture, marked by significant developments across various regions. In this decade, numerous iconic structures were built or completed, showcasing the artistic and engineering prowess of their respective cultures.

In Europe, the Gothic style began to emerge as a distinct architectural movement. One notable example is the collegiate church of Saint-Martin-de-Pressigny in France, constructed around 1190. The construction of this building marked an early milestone in the development of Gothic architecture, which would go on to influence numerous other structures throughout Europe.

In England, the choir of Lincoln Cathedral was completed between 1192 and 1235, while the West Front of Ely Cathedral was finished by 1198, having begun its construction in 1174. The rebuilding of Chartres Cathedral began in 1194, with work continuing until 1260 when a new building was constructed on the site.

In India, the Qutb Minar minaret was started in Delhi around 1199, marking an important milestone in Islamic architecture. This structure would become one of the most iconic landmarks in India and serve as a symbol of the country's rich cultural heritage.

The Hoysala Empire built numerous temples across southern India during this period, with some estimates suggesting that over ninety such structures were constructed. Additionally, the Arab baths of Girona in Catalonia, Spain, were completed around 1190, while the Saint-Mungo Cathedral in Scotland was also constructed during this time.

In Asia Minor and Southeast Asia, various other notable buildings were completed or began construction during the late 12th century. The Qutub ad-Din Aibak built the great Qwwat ul-Islam mosque in Delhi between 1193 and 1197, incorporating elements of existing monuments into its design. Similarly, the Saint Dimitri Cathedral in Vladimir, Russia was constructed from 1194 to 1197.

The reconstruction of Lincoln Cathedral began in 1192, while the rebuilding of Chartres Cathedral started in 1194. The completion of the Giralda tower in Seville marked another significant architectural achievement during this period.

Architectural Developments

Throughout the late 12th century, various architectural styles and techniques were developed or refined across different regions. The use of pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and flying buttresses became more widespread, contributing to the emergence of Gothic architecture as a distinct style.

The influence