ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

The Year 1191

The year 1191 was a pivotal moment in world history, marked by significant events that shaped the course of politics, warfare, and cultural development.

In the Byzantine Empire, King Richard I, also known as Richard the Lionheart, arrived at the port city of Limassol on Cyprus with his fleet. The stormy weather had dispersed his ships, but he managed to regroup and capture the city after a brief stay in Rhodes. This marked an important turning point in the Third Crusade, as Richard's forces were now poised to conquer the island.

On May 12, Richard married Berengaria of Navarre in the Capilla de St. George at Limassol, solidifying his claim on Cyprus and furthering his crusading ambitions. The marriage was a strategic move, aimed at securing alliances with European powers and bolstering Richard's position against the Byzantine Empire.

The following days saw intense fighting as Crusader forces led by Richard clashed with the Byzantine army near Tremithus. Isaac Komnenos, the Byzantine Emperor, fled from the battlefield to Kantara, while Richard captured his banner and hunted down the remnants of his army. The city of Limassol was subsequently garrisoned, and Richard appointed Richard de Camville as governor alongside Robert of Thornham.

Meanwhile, in other parts of Europe, significant events were unfolding. In England, John the Landless had taken power after expelling Lochan, while Philip II Augustus joined forces with his brother to solidify their hold on France. The Teutonic Order was confirmed by Pope Clement III, and the city of Bern was founded by Berthold, Duke of Zahringen.

In Asia Minor, the Novgorodians and Karelians launched a campaign against the Swedes in Finland, capturing Abo during their expedition. In Europe's Holy Roman Empire, Henry VI was crowned emperor by Pope Celestine III on April 15.

The year 1191 also saw significant developments in the world of politics and warfare. The Third Crusade continued to shape European alliances and military strategies, while the Byzantine Empire struggled to maintain its hold on Cyprus. As the year drew to a close, it was clear that the complex web of power struggles and conflicts would continue to influence global events for years to come.

Key Events

* 6 May: Richard I arrives at Limassol with his fleet
* 12 April: The