ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

1195: A Year of Conquests and Foundations

In the year 1905, which began on a Sunday in the Julian calendar, significant events unfolded across various regions. One notable battle took place on June 1st, as the Georgians defeated the Ildenizids from Azerbaijan at the Battle of Shamkor.

Meanwhile, in July, King Alfonso VIII of Castile faced a decisive defeat at the hands of Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur, the ruler of the Almohad dynasty. The battle, known as the Battle of Alarcos, marked a significant victory for the Berbers on the Iberian Peninsula. Although Alfonso VIII would eventually flee to Toledo and Alarcos, his army's defeat was a turning point in the region.

In France, Raimund VI succeeded his father Raimund V as Count of Toulouse in the year 1905. However, Pope Coelestin III had already banned him in March for repeated attacks on the Abbey of Saint-Gilles. The French King Philip II also played a role in the formation of Dieppe, which was completely destroyed by August.

In Wales, Llywelyn from Iorwerth became the ruler of the Welsh Kingdom of Gwynedd. In Germany, Cardinal Legate John of Salerno preached in favor of Emperor Henry VI's crusade at the Third Court Day in Gelnhausen.

The year 1905 also saw significant events in the Holy Roman Empire and beyond. The first documentary mentions were recorded for Ahrensfelde (Ahrensburg), Bargfeld, Boudevilliers, Linter, and Spiesen. Additionally, the Order of Silence, a French order of chivalry founded by Guy of Lusignan, was established.

In Japan, the Buddhist Zen temple Shōfuku-ji in Fukuoka was built under the guidance of Rinzai monk Eisai with financial support from Minamoto no Yoritomo. This marked an important milestone for Japanese Buddhism.

Lastly, a considerable sum was bequeathed to the congregation of Bourges by Archbishop Henri de Sully, which is considered one of the earliest recorded donations to this church in Hamburg's Saint Petri main church.