ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

The 11th Century BC

The 11th century BC is a pivotal era in human history, spanning from 1100 BCE to 1001 BCE. This period witnessed significant events and developments across various regions of the world.

In ancient Greece, King Codrus of Athens ruled for 21 years before his death in battle against the Dorian invaders around 1068 BCE. According to Athenian tradition, he was the last king to hold absolute power. The Battle of the Nile, which took place during this time period, is also mentioned as a notable event.

In China, King Cheng of Zhou succeeded King Wu as ruler of the Zhou dynasty in 1042 BC, marking an important turning point in Chinese history. Meanwhile, in Egypt, Neferkare Amenemnisu died around 1039 BCE, and Saul became the first king of the Israelites according to the Books of Samuel.

The Phoenician alphabet was invented during this period, with evidence suggesting that it emerged in the 10th century BC. The earliest known farming communities were established in the Kenya highlands around 1000s BC.

In Europe, the Latins arrived in Italy around 1000 BC, marking the beginning of their presence on the continent. In Spain, the Phoenicians founded Gadès (Cadiz) in the kingdom of Tartessos around 1104 BCE, according to Diodore of Sicily's account.

The Stonehenge megalithic complex was completed by around 1100 BC, with its construction spanning several centuries. The Hallstatt B period occurred between 1200 and 1050 BC, providing valuable insights into the cultural and artistic developments of this era.

Historical Context

This period also saw significant events in Mesopotamia, where the king of Assyria Tiglath-Phalazar pushed back the Mushki around 1110 BC. The Phoenician coast received tribute from Arwad, Byblos, and Sidon under his rule.

In Jerusalem, the headquarters was established around 1051 BCE, marking an important milestone in the city's history. In Egypt, the clergy of Amon took power in Upper Egypt during the reign of a ruler who is not specified, leading to the end of the New Empire and the beginning of the Third Intermediate Period.

The Shang dynasty in China came to an end around 1046 BCE, marking the beginning of the Western Zhou dynasty. This period saw