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Events

Politics and world affairs

Crusade of Frederick II/Kingdom of Sicily

February 18: Sultan Al-Kamil and Emperor Frederick II. A 10-year ceasefire is agreed in the Jaffa Peace. Jerusalem, Lydda, Nazareth and Bethlehem are ceded by the Ayyubids to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, but may not be fortified militarily. The Muslims are to keep the Jerusalem Temple Mount with the al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock, where Christians are allowed to worship in the future. Muslims are granted freedom of movement in the Bethlehem area and their own jurisdiction under a cadi in Jerusalem. In addition, the Emperor promises to prevent his army, the Knights of the Order and the princes of the Crusader states from further acts of war against the territories of al-Kamil. Whether the treaty will also return the coastal city of Sidon and Toron Castle to the crusaders is uncertain.
March 18: Emperor Frederick II. During the Fifth Crusade, he crowns himself King of Jerusalem by the right of his son Konrad, but receives no religious consecration. Frederick deposed the Governor Odo of Montbéliard appointed by the local barons and replaced him by Balian of Sidon and Garnier l’Aleman.
1 May: On his departure from Palestine, Frederick is allegedly insulted by the population, who are very dissatisfied about the negotiated peace, and thrown with slaughter waste.
In Cyprus, Frederick appoints a five-member regency council under the leadership of Amalrich Barlais, an old enemy of the former regent Johann von Ibelin. After Frederick's departure, an uprising of the barons against the imperials breaks out. On June 24, they win at Nicosia. Amalrich Barlais must retreat with the minor King Henry I to Dieu d’Amour Castle, where he is besieged by the rebels.
During Frederick's absence occupy on behalf of Pope Gregory IX. Mercenaries large parts of the Kingdom of Sicily. Some cities use Frederick’s excommunication and absence to renounce his rule and submit to the Pope. Frederick lands in Brindisi on June 10 and quickly repulses the papal troops. As a deterrent measure, Frederick has some cities completely destroyed, others have to hold hostages and tear down their fortifications.

Crusader States

9 April: Johann von Brienne is appointed Procurator of the Latin Empire in Perugia and co-emperor of the minor Balduin II. He is engaged to Johann’s daughter Maria von Brienne.

Republic of Venice

Shortly after his death, Pietro Ziani abdicates as Doge of Venice. In the election to succeed, there is a tie of votes between Jacopo Tiepolo and Marino Dandolo, so that finally the lot must decide, which is in favor of Jacopo Tiepolo. This choice is one of the causes of ongoing tensions between families