1233

AI-assisted Knowledge Update: This article was automatically consolidated to provide you with the most up-to-date data instantly.

The year 1233 began on a Saturday in the Julian calendar, marking a common year that would be significant for various events across Europe and beyond.

Cyprus Under King Henry I

Cyprus was fully restored under the rule of the 16-year-old King Henry I ("the Fat"), also known as Onemos. This marked an important period in Cypriot history, with the island's restoration under a young king who would go on to play a significant role in shaping its future.

European Events

In Europe, several key events took place in 1233. The War of the Longobards continued, with forces led by John de Beirute capturing Kyrenia after a ten-month siege. This marked an important turning point in the conflict, as it gave control of the strategic location to the Crusader state.

Meanwhile, King Henry III of England faced opposition from his followers and nobles, particularly those loyal to Hubert de Burgh, who had been overthrown the previous year. The king's favoritism towards Peter des Roches, a new Justiciar, further fueled discontent among his supporters. Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke, began a revolt against Henry III in July, which grew into an open rebellion by August.

In other regions, the Mongols continued their conquests under Ögedei Khan, capturing Kaifeng, the capital of the Jin dynasty, after a thirteen-month siege. The city was plundered, and Emperor Aizong of Jin fled to Caizhou.

Holy Roman Empire

The Holy Roman Empire saw significant events in 1233 as well. Duke Otto II of Bavaria broke into the Austrian Babenberger's dominion, eventually subjecting it after occupying Wels. Konrad von Thuringia concluded a protection and trutz alliance with Counts Berthold I of Ziegenhain and Gottfried IV of Ziegenhain-Nidda against Archbishop Siegfried III. von Mainz.

Kingdom of England

In the Kingdom of England, King Henry III suffered a heavy defeat at Grosmont Castle in November 1233, marking an important turning point in his reign. The Welsh prince Llywelyn from Iorwerth had been waging war against England since 1231 and received support from Richard Marshal during this time.

Cities and Towns

The year 1233 also saw the granting of city rights to Gend