1275

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1275 (MCCLXXV) was an ordinary year of the Gregorian calendar.

Events

April 22: The first Westminster Statutes of the English Parliament.
July 25: Beginning a war of succession to the throne of Castile.
October 19-21: The meeting in Lausanne between Pope Grigore Xth and Emperor Rudolf I of Habsburg is confirmed; the papal rule over the exarchate of Ravenna, the mark of Ancona and the duchy of Spoleto is confirmed.

Undated
The Norwegian monk Rabban bar Sauma begins a pilgrimage from China to Jerusalem.
Marinid leader of Morocco Abu Iusuf Yakub attacks the Spanish fleet.
Creation of Florentine Peruzzi, a company with numerous subsidiaries (London, Pisa, Naples, Avignon, Bruges, Cyprus, etc.).
The Genoveds settle at Phoce and establish a computer at Caffa in Crimea.
Marco Polo's visit begins as Kublai-han's advisor at Pekin.
The foundation of an archbishop of the Nestorians in Pekin by the Nestory patriarch of Baghdad.
Marco Polo visits Xanadu, Kublai-han's summer residence.
The Mongols of the Golden Horde devastate Lithuania.
The Scots occupy the Isle of Man.
Yuan dynasty troops capture the city of Suzhou from the Song Empire.

Arts, sciences, literature and philosophy
4 March: Chinese astronomers record a total eclipse of sun visible in China.
Consacration of the cathedral in Lausanne in Switzerland.
Building the cathedral in Ratisbona (Regensburg) in Germany.
Building a lighthouse in Brindisi.
The edification of the new cathedral in Exeter in England.
Jean de Meung concludes the second section of the Romanian allegorical opera at Rose.
Publication of the Surgical work of Guglielmo de Saliceto, the first mention of dissection in the Middle Ages.
Ramon Llull founded an Arabic language teaching school in Majorca.

Birth

27 September: John II, future Duke of Brabant (d. 1312)
Dnyaneshwar, Indian poet (d. 1296)
Gediminas, Duke of Lithuania (died 1341)
Giovanni Villani, Florentine writer (d. 1348)
Henry of Luxembourg, future Roman-German Emperor (died 1313)
Marseilio da Padua, Italian poet and writer (d. 1342)
Mondino dei Liuzzi, doctor and anatomist Italian (d. 1326)

Deaths

15 August: Lorenzo Tiepolo, doge of Venice (n.?)
Bohemund V-lea, Prince of Antioch (born 1237)

22 July: Magnus III Ladislaus, King of Sweden (1275-1290).