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Early 13th Century BCE Events in Ancient Near East

The early 13th century BCE was a decade marked by significant events in the ancient Near East, particularly in Egypt, Hittite Empire, and the Eastern Mediterranean. This period spanned from approximately 1289 BCE to 1280 BCE.

During this time, Seti I became pharaoh of Egypt, marking an important turning point in Egyptian history. He successfully recaptured traitorous vassals of Kadesh and Amurru, as well as defeating a Hittite force. Additionally, the walls of Troy VII/Wilusa were constructed during this period.

In Greece, Pandion II, legendary King of Athens, died after a nominal reign of 25 years, followed by Aegeus' ascension to the throne. Meanwhile, in Megara and Euboea, Nisos and Lykos reigned respectively, while Pallas ruled southern Attica.

The Torah was completed around this time, with some sources suggesting that the Exodus from Egypt took place during the 13th century BCE. This period also saw significant events in the Hittite Empire, including a revolt between Urhi-Teshub (son of Muwatalis) and his brother Hattusilis.

In Asia Minor, Ramses II intervened in the region, supporting Uri-Teshub's claims to the throne after the death of Muwatalli. He conquered several cities, extending Egyptian domination to Damascus and parts of Syria. The reigns of Urhi-Teshub (Musili III) and Hattushili III (wife Tuduhepa) followed, with significant power struggles between the two brothers.

A peace treaty was signed between Ramses II and Hattushili III in 1284 BCE, which would remain intact until the collapse of the Hittite Empire around 1200 BCE. This agreement limited Egyptian claims south of the Oronte River and marked a temporary resolution to the conflict between Egypt and the Hittites.

The years 1289-1287 saw a revolt in Sudan's land of Irem, which Ramses II intervened upon, bringing back 7,000 captives. The death of Muwatalli led to a power struggle within the Hittite Empire, with Uri-Teshub eventually being exiled and seeking refuge in Egypt.

Notable Figures

Seti I (pharaoh of Egypt)
Alaksandu of Wilusa (some believe he was the