1290

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**1290**

1290 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar.

### Events

#### By Place

##### Europe

* July 10: King Ladislaus IV of Hungary ("the Cuman") is assassinated at the castle of Körösszeg (modern Romania).
* July 18: King Magnus Birgersson of Sweden dies after a 15-year reign.
* October 1: The second of the Statutes of Mortmain passed during the reign of Edward I prevents land from passing into the possession of the Church. Quia Emptores, a statute passed by Edward I, puts an end to the practice of subinfeudations.

##### Levant

* June: Genoa concludes a new commercial treaty with the Mamluks.
* August 30: Survivors and family members of the massacre in Acre bring blood-stained clothing to the Sultan Qalawun ("the victorioso") in El Cairo, who demands that the leaders of the uprising be handed over for trial.
* October: Qalawun orders a general mobilization of the Mamluk forces.

##### Africa

* 1290: With the decline of Mapungubwe begins the rise of Greater Zimbabwe.

#### Education

* March 1: The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon by Denis I ("the Poet King").

### Politics and World Affairs

* July 18: An anti-Jewish decree is promulgated in England by King Edward I, who expels all Jews from the country by the end of October.
* Holy Roman Empire: The imperial city of Duisburg is pledged to the Count of Kleve for 2000 silver marks and thus loses its imperial freedom.

#### Scandinavia

* December 18: After the death of Magnus I, his ten-year-old son Birger becomes King of Sweden. Under Reich Marshal Torgils Knutsson a guardianship government is formed.

### Culture

* Around 1290: The Arabic medicine theory Aggregator is translated into Latin.
* Perhaps triggered by the death of his childhood love Beatrice, Dante begins planning for his main work, the Divine Comedy (written from 1307 to 1321).
* This year at the latest, Our Frewen Corpse, the Marienkorich, is the best recorded work of Frauenlob, which probably founded his name Vrouwenlop.
* Around 1290: Advent of the Italian Gothic
* Around 1290: A pottery industry is created in Faenza (Italy); From this derives the term Fayence for white glazed, painted ceramics.

### Science and Technology

* Around 1290: The universities of Coimbra, Lisbon, and Marcerata are founded.
* 1 March: The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon by Denis I ("the Poet King").

### Notable Deaths

* July 18: King Magnus Birgersson of Sweden
* August 27: Beatrice Portinari, muse of the Italian poet Dante Alighieri
* September 27: Qalawun, Sultan of the Mamluks from the Bahri dynasty in Egypt
* October 5: Shamsuddin Kayumars, Mamluk ruler of the Delhi Sultanate
* November 11: Sultan Qalawun died