1293

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1293 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. This marked a pivotal moment in world history, as various regions experienced significant events that shaped their futures.

In Asia, the Mongol invasion of Java continued to unfold. On May 26, Raden Wijaya's forces secured a major victory over the Mongols, which is considered the founding date of the city of Surabaya. This marked an important milestone in the establishment of the Hindu Majapahit Empire, founded by Kertarajasa in Java. The empire would go on to play a significant role in Southeast Asian history.

Meanwhile, Kublai Khan sent a fleet to the islands of Southeast Asia, including Java, further solidifying Mongol control over the region. However, the islanders' growing resistance eventually forced the Mongols to leave. Chinese soldiers and shipwrecked sailors remained on the island after the Mongols departed, forming a distinct group that would later contribute significantly to the economic life of the region.

In Europe, 1293 was marked by significant events in politics and society. In January, Kubilai Khan sent a punitive expedition to Java Island, with his forces initially victorious but ultimately forced to leave due to growing resistance from the islanders. On May 20, an earthquake struck Kamakura, Japan, while on March 30, Raden Wijaya formed an alliance with Mongol forces invading Java against King Kediri Jayakatwang.

The following month, Jayakatwang surrendered, and Raden Wijaya founded the kingdom of Majapahit. He successfully neutralized his former allies, the Mongols, who had sailed to the island carrying a rich spoil. Chinese soldiers and shipwrecked sailors remained on Java after the Mongols departed, eventually forming a distinct group that would play a crucial role in the region's economic life.

In December 1293, the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt Khalil was assassinated by his regent Baydara during a hunting game. His death was avenged by Mongolian Emir Kitbugha, who placed his younger brother An-Nâsir Muhammad on the throne. This event marked a significant turning point in Egyptian politics.

In other regions, 1293 saw notable events as well. In Europe, the Catholicos of the Armenian Church settled in Sis, Cilicia. Additionally, Edward of England sent John Balliol four citations to King