1294

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Events

Politics and world affairs

Asia

After Kublai Khan’s death on February 18, his grandson Timur Khan becomes Emperor of the Mongolian Yuan Dynasty in China. He defeated his brother Kamala. Alcohol-addicted Timur becomes a surprisingly charitable ruler, representing Chinese interests, promoting Confucius’s teaching and avoiding wars.

Holy Roman Empire

Around September 22: King Adolf von Nassau invades Thuringia devastatingly in order to take possession of the land bought by Landgrave Albrecht the year before.
As Duke of Bavaria, Rudolf the Stammler issues the Rudolfine Handfeste, which for the first time defines the rights and duties of the citizens of Munich.

The Lübeck Chancellor Albert von Bardewik has the Bardewik Codex named after him resigned as a version of Lüb's law.

Western and Southern Europe

Between the French King Philip IV and the English King Edward I there is a war for the English mainland possessions in France (Guyenne), which lasts until 1297. Philip orders the confiscation of the assets of the Riccardi from Lucca in France because of their cooperation with the English crown (its main lender since 1274).
Portugal under King Dionysius and England conclude the first of a series of trade treaties. The “Anglo-Portuguese Alliance” is considered the oldest trade partnership between two states, which still exists.

City rights and first documentary mentions

Munich is granted city rights.
First documentary mention of Bellach, Brünisried, Ebenheid, Krün, Niedergösgen, Rolle, Saignelégier and Utzenfeld
Magdeburg acquires the Schultheißenamt from the Archdiocese.

Economy

Gaichatu, ruler of the Mongolian Ilchane in Persia, tries to replenish the treasury emptied by his extravagant lifestyle and rinderpest by issuing additional money. On August 13, he announces that anyone who does not accept the new “paper money” will be punished by death.
October to November: In Iran, printed elongated banknotes with Chinese imprint and the Islamic creed are circulated in Arabic script.
1294: Lübeck is considered undisputed within the Hanseatic League as caput et principium omnium.

Religion

Pope election

5 July: Pietro del Murrone is elected pope after two years of vacancy by eleven remaining cardinals in Perugia. The nearly 85-year-old hermit stands in the reputation of holiness and is known through a letter to the assembled cardinals, which he wrote as head of his Benedictine Congregation, and in which he calls on them to finally stand for election. After a few days, despite his concerns, he accepts the choice. Following the example of Christ on Palm Sunday, on July 28 he rides on a donkey to the city of L’Aquila, where he takes the name of Coelestin V. and in the