1357

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1357: A Year of Significance in European History

The year 1357 was a pivotal moment in European history, marked by significant events that shaped the course of politics, world affairs, and culture.

In Portugal, May 28th saw the ascension of Peter I to the throne after the death of his father Alfonso IV. This event brought an end to a long-standing dispute within the House of Burgundy between father and son, which had at times taken on civil war-like proportions. The new king's reign marked a significant turning point in Portuguese history.

In France, spring saw widespread dissatisfaction sparked by a coin devaluation ordered by King Charles II. This led to his return from Metz to Paris, where he accepted the reform program of Étienne Marcel, the head of the Paris Commercial Guild. This move allowed for the formation of a council composed of the estates, which would participate in the political decision-making of the crown. The French state was thus adopting a constitutional constitution for the first time, with Charles granted a special tax of five million livre by the estates.

The same year saw Charles II's capture and subsequent release from French captivity on November 9th. He quickly resumed contact with allied Englishmen, marking an important development in the Hundred Years' War between England and France.

In Monaco/Genoa, the Republic under Simone Boccanegra besieged the Grimaldi family's stronghold, leading to the death of Charles I, lord of Monaco. His son Rainier II closed a deal on August 9th with Genoa, allowing him to keep castles and property but ceding Monaco in exchange for a payment of 20,000 Florin.

The Brabant War of Succession came to an end on June 4th with the Peace of Ath, mediated by Duke Wilhelm I of Bavaria. The agreement resolved disputes over succession between Ludwig von Male, Count of Flanders, and his wife Margarete von Brabant, as well as their sister Johanna.

Notable Deaths

The year 1357 also saw the passing of several notable individuals:

- King John I of Portugal (d. unknown)
- Art mac Art MacMurrough-Kavanagh, King of Leinster (d. unknown)
- Hugo von Montfort, Austrian minstrel (d. unknown)
- Anna of Trebizond, Queen of Georgia (d. 1406)
- Fang Xiaoru, Confucian scholar