1365

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1365: A Year of Conquests and Establishments

The year 1365 was a pivotal moment in world history, marked by significant events across various regions. In Europe, the Holy Roman Empire continued to expand its territories under the rule of Emperor Charles IV.

In Sweden, Albert of Mecklenburg defeated Magnus Eriksson at the Battle of Gataskogen on March 3, capturing the throne and establishing himself as the new king. This event marked a turning point in Swedish history, with Albert going on to become the sole ruler of the country until his deposition in 1389.

The University of Vienna was founded on March 12, marking an important milestone in European education. The university's beginnings were difficult, but it would go on to play a significant role in shaping the intellectual landscape of Europe.

In France, King Charles IV was crowned as king of Burgundy on June 4, solidifying his position within the Holy Roman Empire. This event also marked the beginning of a period of relative peace between the French and German monarchies.

Meanwhile, in Asia, the Cypriot fleet captured and plundered Alexandria during the Alexandrian Crusade. The city's fall had significant implications for European merchants and native Christians in Mamluk Egypt.

In Java Island, Indonesia, King Hayam Wuruk of Majapahit commissioned an epic poem called the Nagarakretagama, which celebrated his glory and that of his kingdom. This literary work would become a significant part of Indonesian cultural heritage.

The year 1365 also saw significant events in Anatolia, where the Turks Kara Koyunlu subdue the district of Mush and later took control of Mosul, Sinjbar, and Tabriz. These conquests marked an important period in Turkish expansion into Eastern Europe.

In Scandinavia, Haakon VI continued to rule over Norway and some eastern provinces of Sweden, while Magnus VII was deposited from the throne due to his alliance with Denmark. This event led to Albert of Mecklenburg becoming the sole king of Sweden until 1389.

The Treaty of Gerande put an end to the War of Succession of Brittany on April 12, with Jean de Montfort becoming John IV, Duke of Brittany, and paying tribute to King Charles V of France. This event marked a significant turning point in Breton politics.

In Eastern Europe, the Serbedars defeated the Mugulistans in Samarkand, extending their power over the entire region.