1385

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1385: A Year of Turmoil and Conflict

In the year 1385, a common year that began on a Sunday according to the Julian calendar, several significant events unfolded across Europe. One notable event was the imprisonment of various cardinals by Pope Urban VI after learning they were discussing his deposition due to his mental health issues. Giovanni da Amelia, Gentile di Sangro, Adam Eston, Ludovico Donato, Bartolomeo da Cogorno, and Marino del Giudice were among those arrested and tortured at the castle of Nocera.

Meanwhile, in what is now northern Nigeria, Bugaya became the new Sultan of Kano upon the death of his brother Yaji I. In Scotland, officials discovered that 700 pounds sterling of bullion had been stolen from customs collectors by John Stewart, the Earl of Carrick. The Kingdom of France dispatched a fleet of ships to aid the Kingdom of Scotland in its defense against an invasion by England.

The two-day Battle of Sluys concluded on the North Sea off the coast of the Netherlands as England's Royal Navy attempted to blockade the Flemish port of Sluis. In Portugal, the Portuguese Revolution led to the selection of John I of Avis as King of Portugal, marking the end of the Burgundy dynasty. However, this decision was short-lived, as John I of Castile and León invaded Portugal again with French support.

The Battle of Aljubarrota took place on August 14, where Portuguese forces decisively defeated John I of Castile and León thanks to the tactical skill of Nuno Álvares Pereira. This victory secured Portuguese independence for almost 200 years. In France, a double wedding in Cambrai saw the French King Charles VI attend alongside his brother-in-law, Albrecht, who was killed during the siege of Ricklingen.

In Hungary, Charles III. of Naples took power with the help of nobles rebelling against Queen Mary. The Ottoman Empire defeated the Principality of Albania in the Battle of Savra, while Gian Galeazzo Visconti seized power in Milan by imprisoning his uncle Bernabò and having him poisoned in prison.