1425

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1425: A Year of Global Events and Power Shifts

1425, a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, was marked by significant events across various regions. In China, the Ming dynasty continued to reign under Emperor Xuanzong, who had taken over after his predecessor's death in 1435.

In Europe, the politics of power and succession played out in several countries. The Great Council of Venice agreed to accept many demands from residents of occupied territories, while King James I of Scotland opened a brief session of the Scottish Parliament. In England, Thomas Walton was elected as Speaker of the House of Commons during the Third English Parliament of King Henry VI.

The Byzantine Empire also experienced changes in leadership with the death of Emperor Manuel II Palaiologist and the ascension of John VIII Paleologos to the throne. Meanwhile, Frederick of Wettin was elected by Sigismund, King of Germans at Ofen as the new Elector of Saxony.

In Asia, Mamluk Sultan Burjite Barsbay sent a wing to loot Limassol in retaliation for the abuses of Cypriot privateers. The Portuguese attempted to capture the Canary Islands but were unsuccessful, with the archipelago remaining under Castilian control. Additionally, the creation of Madeira vineyards by Portuguese with plants imported from Crete marked an important milestone.

In Eastern Europe, wars of succession continued in Moscow after Vassili I de Russia's death, which lasted for 25 years until his son Vasily II became Grand Prince at the age of ten under the guardianship of Vitovt of Lithuania. The region also saw a revolt by genoese merchants in Trebizonde.

In France and Brittany, Arthur III of Richemont became connetable alongside Charles VII of France, while the people of Saint-Malo seized their English fleet to unblock Mont-Saint-Michel. Meanwhile, John II of Navarre succeeded his father Ferdinand the Righteous as king by marrying Blanche of Navarre.

The year also saw significant events in other parts of Europe and Asia, including an armed band seizing cattle in Domrémy and Greux, a trial for witchcraft involving Véronique de Desenice, and the foundation of the University of Leuven in Brabant by Duke John IV of Brabant.