1439

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The year 1439 was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. This marked significant events in various regions and empires across Europe, Asia, and Africa.

In Eastern Europe, a truce was signed at Breslau between King Albert of Hungary and King Casimir IV of Poland to end an eight-month war between the two kingdoms. In Finland, a rebellion by peasants against the Swedish government led by尼亚 Ντάβιντ came to an end after intervention from the Episcopal See of Turku.

In Europe, 1439 was also marked by significant events in politics and religion. The year saw the transfer of the Ferrara Council to Florence following an epidemic of plague that had ravaged Italy. This move was part of a broader effort to address the theological disputes between the Catholic Church and Protestant reformers.

The Council of Basel continued its deliberations, with Pope Eugene IV facing increasing pressure from his critics. In June 1439, the Council declared Eugene IV heretic and deposited him from office, paving the way for the election of a new pope. This move was seen as a significant blow to the authority of the Catholic Church.

Meanwhile, in Asia, General Fang Zheng led a campaign against the Möng Mao kingdom in southern China, forcing the enemy to retreat southward after a series of battles. In Mongolia, Esen Taidji succeeded his father as Khan and became Prime Minister of the Mongol Emperor, expanding the empire's territories beyond Baikal.

In Africa, Ethiopian monks traveled from Jerusalem to Cairo and the Holy Places, leaving behind their mark in various locations, including Dongola and Sohag. The Sultanate of Kara Koyunlu began its reign under Djihan Shah, who would rule until 1467.

The year also saw significant events in Europe's monarchies. In France, a terrible winter led to the Seine freezing over and wolves entering Paris in search of food. Eric of Pomerania was replaced as King of Denmark by his nephew Christophe of Bavaria, while Sigismund de Habsburg became Count of Tyrol.

In Italy, ships from the Duchy of Milan defeated those of the Republic of Venice on Lake Garda, taking control of the lake. The battle marked a significant turning point in the struggle for power between these two Italian city-states.

The year 1439 also saw the union of the Churches of Rome and Constantinople being temporarily reunited under John VIII Paleologist