1474

Events

### Politics and World Affairs

The Swiss Habsburg Wars came to a provisional end on March 30 with the signing of the Eternal Direction treaty, mediated by French King Louis XI. This treaty brought an end to the military conflict between the Confederation and the House of Habsburg.

In the Wars of Burgundy, Peter von Hagenbach, the Burgundian Vogt, was overthrown and executed on May 9 in the Vorösterreichische Pfandlanden on the Lower Rhine.

### European Conflicts

The Ottoman Empire continued its expansion into Europe. On February 6, they set fire to Varaždin in Croatia, massacring its population. They carried out incursions into Austria and Hungary until 1480.

In Japan, shogun Yoshimasa Ashikaga abdicated on December 19, devoting himself to the arts in favor of his son Yoshihisa Ashikaga. This led to a conflict of succession that precipitated the decline of the Ashikaga family.

### Successions and Deaths

* August 26: Catherine Cornaro became Queen of Cyprus following the death of her son James III.
* December 16: Ali Kuşçu died.
* August 17: Veli Mahmud Pasha, Ottoman Sadrazam, died (born in 1420).
* September 8: Ludovico Ariosto, Italian poet, was born (died 1533).
* October 13: Mariotto Albertinelli, Italian painter of the High Renaissance style, was born in Florence (died 1515).

### Treaties and Agreements

The Treaty of Utrecht between Hanse and England was ratified on July 20 by Hanse and on February 21 by Edward IV of England. This treaty granted the English freedom of trade in the Baltic Sea, Prussia, and Hanseatic cities.

References

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