1538

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The year 1538 is a common year that begins on a Tuesday.

Events

America

26 February: creation of the University of Panama.
26 April, Peru: the troops of Diego de Almagro, commanded by Captain Ordoñez, were defeated in the Las Salinas plain by those of Hernando Pizarro and Pedro de Valdivia.
May: Belalcázar, charged by Pizarro with an expedition to the North to reach the Caribbean Sea, arrives in Popayán; he walks through the cordillera towards the Magdalena valley, then reaches Bogota where he meets Quesada and Federmann (April 1539)

8 July: At the instigation of Hernando Pizarro, Diego de Almagro is tried, sentenced and then garrotted and beheaded in Cuzco Square. Hernando will be recalled to Spain by Charles Quint to report on his conduct and jailed for 23 years.
6 August: Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada founded Santa Fe de Bogota, capital of New Granada in 1659, which was erected as vice-royalty in 1717. He went to Spain to obtain from Charles Quint the government of New Granada, but his superior Fernández de Lugo managed to obtain him for his son. He ends his days in exile.
29 September or 30 November: foundation of Ciudad de la Plata de la Nueva Toledo, or Charcas. Beginning of the conquest of the lands constituting Bolivia today by the Spanish conquistadors.
28 October: founding of the University of Santo Domingo by the bubble In Apostolatus Culmine.

Asia
July: Emperor Moghol Humayun marches to Gaur against Sher Shah Sûrî, Sultan of Bihar, who evitates but attacks Moghol territories.
August 3: The Ottomans occupy Aden, blocking the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, ensuring the control of the Mecca route for the Eastern Muslims.
4 September: arrival in front of Diu of the Ottoman naval expedition against the Portuguese in India. They failed to take the city and withdrew on November 2. This event marks the beginning of several conflicts between the Ottomans and the Portuguese which will last until 1559.
The Burmese king of Toungoo Tabinshwehti annexed the Mon kingdom of Pegu to which he made his capital (1539).

Europe

January: New tour of the priories and abbeys in England to encourage the dissolution of large monasteries.
8 February: Holy League concluded in Rome between Paul III, Charles-Quint, Ferdinand and Venice.
February 10: Anne de Montmorency was named connetable of France by the king and assumed power (finally in 1540).
24 February, Hungary: Secret Treaty of Nagyvárad (Grosswardein): Ferdinand and Jean Zapolyai recognize each other. The crown must return to the Habsburgs at the death of Jean Zapolyai, while the Zapolyai will retain Transylvania.
22 March: opening in Strasbourg of a school of theology, the Haute-École, under the direction of Jean Sturm. Martin Bucer, Capiton, Hedion and Pierre Martyr Vermigli teach theology; Emmanuel Tremellus teaches Hebrew.
3 April, Rus