ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

The 820s BC: A Decade of Power Shifts in Ancient Civilizations

The years spanning from approximately 829 to 820 BCE were marked by significant power shifts and events that would shape the course of ancient civilizations.

In China, King Xuan of Zhou ascended to the throne in 828 BCE, ending a period of fourteen years under the Gonghe Regency. This marked the beginning of a new era for the Zhou dynasty, which would go on to play a crucial role in Chinese history.

Meanwhile, in Assyria, Assur-danin-pal's rebellion against his father Salmanazar III sparked a civil war that lasted until 820 BCE. The conflict pitted the petty nobility and small cities against the powerful governors of newly annexed provinces and court dignitaries. This period saw the rise of Shamshi-Adad V, who was tasked with quelling the revolt.

In Greece, Ariphron's reign as King of Athens came to an end in 825 BCE, after a twenty-year rule. He was succeeded by his son Thespieus. Additionally, Dido, the founder of Carthage, fled Tyre following the death of Acerbas in 823 BC.

The years also saw significant events in other regions. In Cyprus, Mattan's reign as king of Tyre began around 830-821 BCE. His rule was marked by political quarrels and power struggles within his family. After a tumultuous period, Elyssa succeeded him at his death but faced opposition from her brother Pygmalion, who eventually took control of the kingdom.

In Africa, Mattan's daughter Elyssa fled to Cyprus with supporters after being overthrown in Tyre. She later arrived in Africa and founded Carthage around 814 BCE. This marked the beginning of a new era for the Phoenician city-state.

The decade also saw significant events in China under King Xuan of Zhou. His reign was marked by trade attested between Eubea and North Syria, as evidenced by Greek ceramics found at an Aramean site near Oronte (now Samandağ). This exchange highlights the growing connections between ancient civilizations during this period.

In other regions, Sheshonq's long reign in Egypt was characterized by increased anarchy and the founding of a rival dynasty at Tanis. The clergy of Amon gained significant power during his rule. Meanwhile, Ishpuini's reign as king of Urartu