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The 9M113 Konkurs: A Second-Generation Anti-Tank Missile

The 9M113 Konkurs, also known as AT-5 Spandrel or NATO designation AT-5 Spandrel B, is a Soviet second-generation anti-tank missile designed to engage moving and stationary targets. Developed by the Tula Machinery Design Bureau (KBP) in collaboration with other Russian defense contractors, this system was first introduced during a military display on Red Square in Moscow in 1977.

The primary goal of its design was to be mounted on various Soviet armored combat vehicles, including the BMP-2 and BRDM-2. The missile features a tandem warhead with high-explosive anti-tank (HEAT) charge, effective against explosive reactive armor (ERA), with a range of 70 meters to 4 kilometers at speeds up to 200 meters per second.

Manufacturing and Development
The Russian Konkurs AT-5 Spandrel is a second-generation anti-tank missile that uses wire guidance. The development process began in 1962, with the goal of producing second-generation anti-tank missiles that utilized semi-automatic command-to-line-of-sight (SACLOS) wire guidance technology throughout their flight towards the target.

The system was designed to engage both moving and stationary targets, despite the development of a portable version for infantry use. The primary objective of its design was to be mounted on various Russian armored combat vehicles, including BMD-2, BMP-1, and BRDM-2.

Design Features
The missile is stored in a fiberglass launch tube and uses a gas-powered launcher that propels the missile out at an initial speed of 80 meters per second. The missile's speed immediately increases to 200 meters per second after igniting its solid-fuel engine. As it flies towards its target, the missile begins rotating around itself at a rate of 5-7 rotations per second for stabilization, relying on four fins in the rear.

During flight, guidance relies on wire guidance, with the guidance unit following semi-automatic command-to-line-of-sight (SACLOS) technology. The system has an alarm that activates when it detects jamming from a system like Shtora, providing an added layer of security against electronic countermeasures.

Operators
The 9M113 Konkurs is currently in service with several countries, including Afghanistan, Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, and Bulgaria. In some cases, the missile has been