Events of 332 BC

Siege of Tyros

In January 332 BC, the army of Alexander the Great besieged the city of Tyros, which was a major Phoenician port. After half a year of siege, the city fell, and its inhabitants were either killed or sold into slavery. According to historical records, approximately 2000 inhabitants were crucified.

Conquest of Gaza

Alexander's army also conquered the city of Gaza after a three-month siege. The rest of Palestine came under Macedonian rule as a result of this conquest.

Egyptian Campaign

The local rulers of Cyprus, who had previously been subject to the Persians, defected to Alexander's side. This was followed by the fightless capture of Egypt by Alexander, which marked the beginning of his campaign in the region.

Thracian Uprising and Spartan Alliance

During this time, there was an uprising against Macedonian rule in Thrace, which was put down by Antipatros, who served as regent in the European part of the Alexander Empire. Meanwhile, Sparta, the only Greek state that had not joined the Corinthian Confederation, allied itself with King Agis, who sailed to Siorn and received 30 talents of silver and 10 triers from Darius Autophrad.

Siege of Tyre

In July 332 BC, Alexander's army captured the city of Tyre after a two-month siege. The city was destroyed, and its inhabitants were either killed or sold into slavery.

Gaza and Pelusium Campaigns

Alexander also conquered the city of Gaza after a two-month siege and occupied Pelusium in November 332 BC. Mazak, the ruler of Memphis, surrendered to Alexander, marking the beginning of his campaign in Egypt.

Rejection of Darius' Peace Offer

Throughout this period, Alexander rejected several peace offers from King Darius III, who offered him rule over the territories west of the Euphrates River. This rejection marked a significant turning point in the conflict between Alexander and the Persian Empire.

Roman Politics

In Rome, the consuls for 332 BC were Gnaeus Domitius Calvin (plebeian) and Aulus Cornelius Cossus Arvin (patrician). The censors for this year were Quintus Publilius Philo (plebeian) and Spurius Postumius (patrician). Marcus Papirios Crassus served as dictator, while Lucius Papyrius was the praetor. Two new tribes, Metius and Skaptia, were added to the Roman census.

Athenian Politics

The Athenian archon eponym for 332/331 BC was Niketus.