Cloisonné

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Cloisonné is an artisanal technique in enamel work that involves creating intricate designs on metal objects by using thin wires or metal strips to form partitions, or "cloisons," which are then filled with colored materials.

History

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The artistic technique of cloisonné has a long and ancient history, dating back to civilizations such as the Egyptians, Goths, and Longobards. The technique was also used in Byzantium, where it became known as the "wolf of Byzantium." However, many works created during this period were lost due to iconoclasm in the 8th century.

Technique

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The cloisonné technique is an additive process that involves soldering or gluing thin metal wires or strips onto a carrier plate, typically made of copper. The metal bands or wire are used to create partitions, or "cloisons," which are then filled with colored materials such as glass enamel, precious stones, or other materials.

Materials

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The materials used in cloisonné can vary depending on the period and region. In ancient times, incrustations were used with cut precious stones, glass, and other materials. In recent centuries, glass enamel has become a popular choice for filling the cloisons.

Comparison to Champlevé

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Cloisonné should not be confused with champlevé, another technique of enamel decoration that is subtractive in nature. While both techniques involve creating partitions on metal objects, the initial process of champlevé involves polishing and finishing the alveoli, whereas cloisonné involves adding metal bands or wire to create the partitions.

Examples

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Examples of cloisonné can be found in various cultures and time periods, including ancient Egyptian and Byzantine art. The technique continues to be used today in jewelry-making and other forms of decorative arts.