Corruption

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Corruption (from corruptio: ‘corruption, corruption, corruption’) is the abuse of a position of trust. The abuse begins when benefits are or are to be gained under public, private, economic or political responsibility. It can occur, for example, in authorisations, posts or contracts, contracts or socio-political actions. The abuse is to obtain or grant benefits to which there are no claims.
Corruption has multiple negative effects, both financial and immaterial, such as a loss of power by the general population vis-à-vis a few powerful or rich actors, and thus a lack of fairness, democracy and the rule of law.

Etymology
In German it appears in the 15. In the first century the form corrupt as the fief form of the Latin. Adjectives corruptus, whereby here not the meaning “corruptible”, but rather the more general meaning “corrupt”. The word corrupt is partly still used in this sense today. The noun corruption, of Latin corruptio, follows only in the 17th century.

History
In the feudal European land states of the 18th century In the 20th century, corruption was systematically practiced. Frederick II bribed ministers at the court of Empress Maria Theresia and assumed that she in turn bribed his ministers. Diplomats were in a sense entitled to be bribed. Officials of the Prussian court were servants of the king, who had to feed on so-called sports, allowances in money or kinds, which the recipient of the service had to pay. Until the end of the empire, Prussian officials received only about two-thirds of the salary they needed to finance the lifestyle expected of them by rank. To compensate, there was aid, an institution that is still today in the salary system and, in addition, permission for secondary employment, which was also limited. A decree of the Prussian king prohibited his officials from firing in Kaschemmen. The full salary of civil servants is a progressive French invention in the recent European past.

Definitions

In economic terms
Corruption can be distinguished from other exchange relationships (e.g. in a market) if it is seen as a phenomenon with three actors involved:
by the bribe,
by the bribed
and the owner of the bribe.

In economic literature, these are referred to as client, agent and principal (see principle-agent theory). Principal and Agent have a contractual relationship in which the Principal entrusts the Agent with a task and leaves him a means to perform this task and a margin within which he can act. This is the power position mentioned. Di