Mediterranean Cypress

Description

The Mediterranean cypress (Cupressus sempervirens), also known as the columnar cypress, true cypress, Italian cypress, or mourning cypress, is a plant species within the family of cypress plants (Cupressaceae).

### Physical Characteristics

The Mediterranean Cypress is an evergreen tree. It has a distinctive habitus, with a narrow, columnar or pyramid-shaped crown that can reach heights of up to 20-30 meters (66-98 feet). The tree's branches are short and adjacent to the trunk, creating a narrow, conical shape.

### Leaves and Seeds

The leaves of the Mediterranean Cypress are persistent, meaning they remain on the tree year-round. They are dark green in color and have a waxy texture, measuring 2–5 mm (0.08-0.2 inches) in length. The seeds, also known as heteroblasts, are round and measure 25-40 mm (1-1.6 inches) in diameter. Each seed is covered with 10-14 scales.

### Distribution and Habitat

The Mediterranean Cypress is native to the south-east of Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia. It is commonly found throughout the Middle East, from Libya in the north to southern Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, and Iran. The species has been naturalized in other parts of the world, including Italy, where it is often referred to as the "Italian cypress".

### Longevity

The Mediterranean Cypress is known for its remarkable longevity, with some specimens living for over 1000 years.

### Varieties

There are two main varieties of the Mediterranean Cypress:

* **Cupressus sempervirens stricta or pyramidalis**: This variety has a narrow, conical shape and reaches heights of up to 20-30 meters (66-98 feet).
* **Cupressus sempervirens horizontalis**: This variety has a more spreading habit and is less common.

### Uses

The wood of the Mediterranean Cypress is resistant and fragrant, making it suitable for use in industry. The tree's leaves are also used in traditional medicine.