Dwarf elderfish

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The dwarf elderberry, dwarf elderberry or attic (Sambucus ebulus, synonyms: for example Viburnum ebulus and Ebulum humile) is a plant species from the genus elderberry (Sambucus). The dwarf elderberry is a herbaceous plant and thus differs from the other two native species of the genus elderberry in Central Europe, the black elderberry and the red elderberry, which belong to the woods.

Description

Vegetative characteristics
The dwarf elderberry is a perennial, summer green, herbaceous plant that has growth heights of 50 to 150, respectively. 200 centimeters reached and forms underground foothills. The furrowed stem is normally unbranched. The opposite leaves are unpaired feathered and consist of five to thirteen lancetary, 5 to 16 centimeters long and 1 to 4.5 centimeters wide, finely sawn plumage leaves. The leaflets have an oblique leaf base. They are bald or may be fluffy haired on the underside of the leaf. The conspicuous, lancet-like or more or less egg-shaped secondary leaves are leaf-like and have a sawn blade edge.

Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from June to July or until August. Numerous flowers stand together in slightly curved, doldenrispige inflorescences with a diameter of 5 to 16 centimeters. The flowers are radially symmetrical at a diameter of about 5 to 7 millimeters. The flower crown is white and rarely pink on the outside. The dust bags are red and later turn black. The flowers smell of bitter almonds.

The fruits formed are shiny black, berry-like stone fruits. They have a diameter of 5 to 7 millimetres and usually contain 3(4) seeds. The fruit branches are usually coloured violet or purple at maturation.

Other characteristics
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.

The dwarf elderberry is said to have a disgusting smell.

Occurrence
The dwarf elderberry is originally found in the Mediterranean, in warm temperate Europe up to and including central Germany as well as east to northern Iran and Turkmenia. It also occurs in western North Africa.
In Ireland, Great Britain, Denmark, Sweden, the Baltic States, Cyprus and parts of western North America, it is a neophyte.

In Austria, the dwarf elderberry occurs in all federal states often to scattered.

The dwarf elderberry grows on bushes and forest edges, on clearings and wastelands, on fresh forest beats and in ruderal perennial hallways. In the lowlands, it occurs only occasionally, as well as in low-calcareous areas, otherwise it grows scattered and is mostly stock-forming. It prefers nitrogen-rich and basic soils. It is a character of the Sambucetum ebuli from the Aegopodion Association, but also occurs in societies of the Atropion Association.

In the Allgäu Alps it rises in Vorarlberg am Hirschberg between Oberer and Unterer Hirschbergalpe up to an altitude of