Echinococcosis

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Echinococcosis (also called dogworm) is a typical zooanthroponic Helminthosis. The mature individual parasites in the intestines of some species of carnivorous mammals. The larvae develop in the internal organs of mammals, including humans. It's not possible to infect a person from a person. The disease has a chronic character, leads to significant losses in livestock farming and a partial loss of productivity among the population. The life cycle of the parasite passes through a final host (which are the representatives of the Dog family and rarely other predatory mammals) and an intermediate host (terrestrial mammals, rodents and humans). The disease occurs with different symptoms according to which internal organs of intermediate hosts develop the larva.

Five parasitic species of Echinococcus are known; four of them parasite in humans. Two of the species of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis have been reported in Bulgaria. Although the second parasite is much more dangerous, it is rare, therefore economic and social importance has Echinococcus granulosus. It is widespread among farm grazing animals and domestic dogs. The large population of the parasite, the lack of awareness among the population about the nature of the disease, as well as poor social and personal hygiene caused echinococcosis to be a current disease for the country during the first and second decade of the 21st century. Echinococcosis is an example of an uncontrolled increase in infected people compared to 1976 when Bulgaria ranked second in limiting echinococcosis among the population. As of 2011, Bulgaria was at the top of the list of countries in the European Union, more than several times registered for cases in other countries.

Historical information on the disease

Echinococcosis is known to mankind since ancient times. The disease is mentioned in the Hebrew book of Talmud. The damage found in sacrificial animals and referred to as watering balls and watering balls are mentioned. The description of the disease has ancient authors such as Hippocrates, Aretheus, Galen and Razés. Hippocrates writes about tumors in the internal organs filled with water found in cattle and man. Galen writes that the liver is most susceptible to this disease.

Although echinococcosis has been known to mankind for two thousand years, it was only in recent centuries that a study of the causes and ways to treat this disease began. By the 16th century, these injuries in humans were mixed with the most diverse accumulations of fluid in the body and were explained by various pathological causes. For example, the parasitic (animal) nature of the disease has been detected. This happened in the 17th century when Francesco Reddy described the animal origins of the hydatid cysts of echinococcosis. In 1766, Peter Simon Palace proved that the pathogenic cysts found in infected people represented larval stages of them