ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

Grass Snake (Natrix natrix)

The grass snake, also known as Natrix natrix, is a species of snake in the Natricidae family that inhabits Europe, North Africa, and parts of Asia. It has been reclassified into two distinct subspecies: Natrix astreptophora, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula, Pyrenees, and North-Western Africa, which has been recognized as its own species; and Natrix helvetica, a 4°C subspecies transferred from another species.

The grass snake is typically dark green or brown in color with a characteristic yellow or white collar behind the head, earning it the alternative name "Ringed Snake." This distinctive feature sets it apart from other similar species. The snake's size varies depending on its age and sex; females tend to be larger than males, reaching lengths of up to 60 cm (24 inches), while males typically reach a maximum length of around 45-50 cm (18-20 inches).

The grass snake is widely distributed across Europe, including countries such as France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom. It can also be found in North Africa and parts of Asia, particularly in regions with suitable habitats for its preferred food sources: amphibians, fish, and micromammals.

In terms of habitat, the grass snake prefers areas with high humidity and warm temperatures, often near streams, rivers, or bodies of water. Its ability to thrive in these environments is crucial for its survival, as it requires a minimum temperature of 21°C (70°F) to lay eggs, although optimal conditions are typically around 28°C (82°F).

The grass snake's behavior is characterized by its agility and speed, allowing it to move quickly both on land and in water. Despite its venomous fangs, the species rarely bites humans in defense, making it harmless to man.

In terms of conservation status, the International Union for Conservation of Nature has listed the grass snake as not threatened globally, although some subspecies or populations may be at risk locally. In certain countries, such as those protected by the Berne Convention, measures are in place to protect this species and its habitats.

Interestingly, the grass snake holds a significant cultural value in Baltic mythology, where it is revered as a sacred animal. According to legend, "who kills a grass snake, kills his happiness," highlighting the importance of preserving this species for future generations.

The grass snake's taxonomy has undergone revisions