Green roots

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The black roots (Scorzonera) are a plant genus in the subfamily of the Cichorioideae within the family of the cornflower (Asteraceae). Since 2020, only about 107 species are common in Eurasia. The most famous Scorzonera species is the garden black root (Scorzonera hispanica) used as root vegetables, usually called “black root”.

Description

Vegetative characteristics
Black-rooted species can be annual to perennial herbaceous plants, rarely even half-bushes. Depending on the type, they reach heights of 5 to more than 100 centimeters. They usually form pile roots. The smooth or hairy stems are upright and usually branched. The stalked or unsteaded foliage leaves are simple to feathery.

Generative characteristics
The flower baskets stand together individually or loosely to several. The flower baskets usually have diameters of 6 to 12, rarely more than 16 millimeters and contain 30 to more than 100 tongue flowers. The 18 to more than 30 wrapping sheets are in three to more than five rows. The basket floor is flat. The tongue flowers are white to yellow or purple.

The Achenes are whitish to brownish. The pappus consists of 28 to over 50 whitish bristle hairs, which are springy to scale-shaped and arranged in two to three wreaths.

The basic chromosome number is x = 7.

Systematic classification
The genus Scorzonera was established by Carl von Linné. Synonyms for Scorzonera are: Lasiospora

The subtribus Scorzonerinae of the tribus Cichorieae was described by Zaika et al. In 2020, several species were placed in different or newly established genera. The genus Scorzonera no longer includes the species of the genera:
Gelasia : It contains in Zaika et al. 2020 about 37 species:
Scorzonera acantholimon → Gelasia acantholimon : It occurs in Turkey.
Scorzonera albicans → Gelasia albicans : It occurs in Spain.
Scorzonera araneosa — Gelasia araneosa
Scorzonera Aucheriana → Gelasia Aucheriana : It occurs in Turkey.
Scorzonera biebersteinii Gelasia biebersteinii
Scorzonera caespitosa → Gelasia caespitosa : It occurs in Morocco and Algeria.
Scorzonera callosa → Gelasia callosa : This endemic occurs in Sardinia.
Scorzonera cinerea → Gelasia cinerea
Scorzonera circumflexa → Gelasia circumflexa
Scorzonera cretica → Gelasia cretica : It occurs in Greece, Crete and islands in the Aegean Sea.
Scorzonera doriae → Gelasia doriae: It occurs in Serbia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Greece.
Scorzonera dzhawakhetica → Gelasia dzhawakhetica : It occurs in Turkey and Georgia.
Scorzonera ensifolia → Gelasia ensifolia
Scorzonera eriophora → Gelasia eriophora : It occurs in Turkey.
Scorzonera filifolia → Gelasia filifolia : It occurs in the Caucasus region.
Tragopogon hirsutus → Gelasia hirsuta : It occurs in Spain, France, Italy and Sicily.
Scorzonera