Kazimir III (Poland)

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Kasimir the Great (Polish Kazimierz III Wielki, Latin Casimirus III Magnus); * 30 April 1310 in Kowal; † 5 November 1370 in Krakow was the youngest son of King Władysław I. Ellenlang from his marriage to Hedwig von Kalish, daughter of Bolesław, Duke of Greater Poland. Casimir came from the dynasty of the Kujaw Piasts and was from 1333 as Casimir I, King of Poland (as Duke of Poland – dux Regni Poloniae – the III). He settled inherited conflicts with the Bohemian neighbors by dropping territorial claims mainly on Silesia, and focused on the expansion of the Kingdom of Poland to the east. The remains of the king were buried in the Wawel Cathedral of Krakow. With his death the royal line of the Piasts died out.

Prince Kasimir

Education
Kazimir was born on 30 April 1310 in Kowal as the youngest son of Władysław I. Ellenlang and Hedwig von Kalisch. At the baptism he received the name of his grandfather – Kasimir of Kujawien. Kasimir had two older brothers, Stefan and Władysław, who in 1306 and 1306 respectively. 1312 died – Kazimierz became Ellenlang's only heir at the age of two. He also had three sisters – Kunegunda, Elżbieta and Jadwiga.

The future heir to the throne was brought up in the Wawel. There is no information about his educators in the sources, but it is generally believed that he was Władysław’s trusted diplomat Spycimir Leliwita, an outstanding intellectual and lawyer – Jarosław Bogoria from Skotniki or possibly a Franciscan. When the prince was 10 years old, his sister Elizabeth was married to the Hungarian King Charles I. In the following years, Kasimir was a frequent guest in a mansion in Buda, the then cultural and political center of the region.

Marriage plans
In June or July 1315, Kasimir was born at the age of five with the May of the year born Bohemian princess Jutta, the daughter of Johann of Luxembourg, engaged. The marriage to the daughter of John was to solve the problem of the Luxembourg claims to the Polish throne, but when two sons were born to the Bohemian king, he decided to maintain his claims. The Bohemian side probably triggered the engagement in 1318 or 1319. On 22 May 1322 Jutta was engaged to Prince Frederick II of Meissen. Finally, she married her sixth fiancée – the Duke of Normandy, John the Good.

Probably in 1321 or 1322 Casimir was engaged to Anna, the daughter of Frederick the Beautiful. The marriage project probably broke after the 28. September 1322, i.e. after Frederick's defeat at the Battle of Mühldorf. In order to seal the newly concluded alliance with Lithuania, the prince married on 16. October 1325, at the age of 15, the daughter of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas Aldona, who was baptized and took the name Anna before her wedding on April 30.
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