"Kurds"

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The Kurds are a people of the Middle East residing in Northern Mesopotamia, in the area called Kurdistan. Kurdistan extends to southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, western Iran and northern Syria.

Name
The name "Kourdos" coincides with the neo-Persian word Kurt meaning hero. In ancient Assyrian inscriptions they are referred to as Kurti, Hurti or Carty. Xenophon in Cyrus Anavasis calls the Kurdish Hearts or Cardus. In his third and fourth book, he presents them as a people unruly, brave and capable of military art, especially guerrilla warfare. The march of the Greeks in the Karduchia Mountains lasted seven days, during which the Greeks encountered fierce resistance and were forced into cruel battles. The word Yutu or Kutu also, called the inhabitants of the mountainous areas that ruled Assyria, means a warrior. In the Assyrian language the word switched as Gardu or Cordou.

The latter is also confirmed by Strabos [C 647], who justifies the etymology of the Greek word Kardohi as follows: and these are called Kardakes, from stealing fed. card gar the manly and warlike is called. Even the newest relative name Gardina, as Strabo the country of Gordiaeans was called, "that the old Carduchos ever said," does not seem foreign to the older Assyrian words. Of course, Strabo tried to relate it and interpret it according to Greek mythology: Gordy the Triptolemus is called the Gordeen settlement, and then Eretrians were taken up by Persians. Based on this version several archaeologists, including Reinhold Wagner, assumed that there was historical truth behind the myth, as the Persians did get used during their campaigns to kidnap prisoners.

The prehistoric period

Kurds are generally considered indigenous to the major region of Asia and Mesopotamia. Genetically the Kurds are descendants of all those peoples who settled in Kurdistan, such as the Gutti, the Kurti, the Medes, the Mardoi, the Cardeoi, the Gordine, the Zilla and the Caldi.

The history of the area is of particular interest because it is one of the first in the world (by many the first) that according to archaeological findings as early as the 10th BC millennium took steps from the Paleolithic period in the Neolithic period. In fact, for many millennia of the Neolithic period, even up to 600 BC, a characteristic culture of the Urian period is presented. They spoke a language related to the northeastern Caucasian language family, which resembles the modern Chechen language. The Urians spread far further from their base in the Zagros-Tavros mountains and settled in Asia Minor, as far as the Aegean coast. The Urians, whose language survives most in the dialect of the area of Hauraman, were divided into several races and sub-groups, which