Lamioideae

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Lamioideae is a subfamily of flowering plants within the family Lamiaceae. It comprises approximately 63 genera, with nearly one-third being single-specific, and around 1260 valid species.

The members of this subfamily exhibit characteristic features of the family Lamiaceae. They predominantly consist of herbaceous plants or shrubs, rarely small trees. The plant parts are usually non-aromatic, and they generally have quadrangular shoot axes. The oppositely arranged foliage leaves are typically simple in structure.

One notable feature of Lamioideae is their inflorescences, which can be thyrsenic or grape-like. The zymes of these inflorescences vary from mono- to polyflorous. The twisty flowers within this subfamily are zygomorphic and five-fold, with a double flower shell that houses the reproductive structures.

The crown of Lamioideae species is usually zygomorphic and two-lipped, differing from those of Nepetoideae in terms of pollen grain characteristics. Specifically, they possess tricolpate pollen grains that are two-celled when released; their seeds exhibit distinct features as well.

Recent studies have divided the subfamily into seven tribes, with a small number of genera not fitting neatly into these classifications:

### Tribu Pogostemoneae

This tribe includes Achyrospermum Blume, with approximately 25 species. Anisomeles R.Br. comprises about five species, while Colebroookea Sm. has only one species in India. Comanthospmakes S.Moore features around seven species in East Asia. Craniotome Rchb. boasts a single species found in the Himalayas. Eurysolen Prain includes a single species in East Asia and Malaysia, as does Leucosceptrum Sm., with one species each in South and East Asia. Microoena Prain has 25 species in East Asia, while Pogostemon Desf. encompasses 92 species across Asia and Malaysia.

### Tribu Gomphostemmateae

This tribe comprises Benth's genera, including two species found in China. Chelonopsis Miq. boasts 15 species in Asia, with Gomphostemma Benth. featuring 44 species in East Asia and Malaysia.

### Tribu Synandreae

Brazoria Engelm. ex A. Gray includes three species in North