Linear tape ceramic culture

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The Linear Band Ceramic Culture, also Linear Band Ceramic Culture or Band Ceramic Culture, technical abbreviation LBK, is the oldest peasant Central European culture of the Neolithic period (technically “Neolithic”) with permanent settlements. This change in the basis of life is called "Neolithization" or "Neolithic Revolution". The LBK falls into the early Neolithic period.

The carriers of the linear band ceramic culture brought a variety of technical-instrumental and economic innovations, such as an adaptation of ceramic production, improved tool and work equipment production, sedentaryness and village, agriculture and livestock farming, house and well construction as well as the construction of trenchworks. It was a period of economic change from the extractive economy to the food-producing economy, which was accompanied by the emergence of immobile property and stockpiling for group members.

The term “tape ceramic” was introduced in 1883 by the historian Friedrich Klopfleisch into the scientific discussion, derived from the characteristic decoration of the ceramic vessels, which have a tape pattern of angular, spiral or wave-shaped lines. In the Anglo-Saxon literature, the linear band ceramic is designated as or as. Other designations, though more of the more general type, are: ‘first European farming population/farmers’ also as and, based on their original origin, also as ‘Anatolian Neolithic farmers’.

Spread of tape ceramics
The last phase of the spread of linear band ceramic culture to Central Europe probably began around 5700 BC. – starting from the area around Lake Neusiedl – and within about 200 years created a culturally unusually uniform and stable settlement and cultural space. The reconstruction of this cultural entity is based on soil finds in areas of today's countries of Western Hungary (Transdanubia), Romania, Ukraine, Austria, Southwestern Slovakia, Moravia, Bohemia, Poland, Germany and France (here under the name: Paris Basin, Alsace and Lorraine). Accordingly, the LBK is considered the largest area culture of the Neolithic Age.

A possible periodization of the LBK in the sense of an absolute chronology is:
around 5700/5500 to around 5300: oldest linear band ceramic;
around 5300 to 5200: medium LBK;
around 5200 to 5000: younger LBK;
around 5100 to 4900: youngest LBK (overlaps with younger LBK).

With the end of the LBK, the transition from the Early Neolithic to the Middle Neolithic is scheduled in a synthetic chronology for Central Europe. Band ceramic cultures or band ceramics in the broader sense also include Alföld linear ceramics (Eastern band ceramics in Hungary: 5500–4900 BC), in the broadest sense also engraving band ceramics in Central Europe (4900–4500 BC).

The band ceramicists are probably closely related to the Starčevo-Körös-Criş culture complex,