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Heads of State in 1391 Across the World

In 1391, various regions and empires around the world had their leaders or rulers holding positions of power. This article aims to provide an overview of some key heads of state from different parts of the globe during that year.

Asia

The Ak-Koyunlu Empire, a Turkic khanate in present-day Turkey, was led by Qara Yülük Uthman, who ruled from 1389 until his death in 1453. In China, Emperor Hongwu of the Ming Dynasty held power from 1368 to 1398.

In India, several kingdoms and sultanates had their rulers during this period. The Vijayanagara Empire was led by Harihara Raya II, who ruled from 1377 until his death in 1404. In present-day Indonesia, the Majapahit kingdom was still influential under its ruler, who is not specified.

Europe

In England, King Richard III held power from 1377 to 1399. The Kingdom of Albania had several rulers during this period, including Gheorghe Thopia and Ioan Bua SPata. In present-day France, the Anjou region was ruled by Louis II-lea, who also claimed the title of Emperor of Constantinople.

Africa

In Egypt, the Burdschiyya Dynasty was led by Sultan Barquq from 1382 to 1399. The Hafsids in Tunisia were led by Caliph Abu l-Abbas Ahmad II from 1370 to 1394. In present-day Morocco, the Merinid dynasty had Sultan Abu l-Abbas Ahmad as its leader.

Americas

In the Aztec Empire, Tlatoani Acamapichtli ruled until his death in 1391, followed by Huitzilíhuitl. The Inca kingdom was led by Yáhuar Huácac from approximately 1380 to 1410.

Regional Overview of Heads of State in 1391

The following table provides a brief overview of some key heads of state and rulers from different regions around the world during 1391:

| Region | Leader |
| --- | --- |
| Ak-Koyunlu Empire (Asia) | Qara Yülük Uthman |
| China (Ming Dynasty) | Emperor Hongwu |
| Vijayanagara Empire (India) | Harihara