ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base
"Middle Cypriot period"
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The Middle Cypriot period covers the period of the prehistory of Cyprus from 1900 to 1650/1600 BC
The chronological order
For researchers the era is divided into
Middle Cypriot I (1900-1800 BC)
Middle Cypriot II (1800-1700 BC)
Middle Cypriot III (1700-1665/1600 BC)
Architecture
Settlements with dense construction and away from the sea and access to living sources: water, arable land and copper areas. The houses are a set of square and irregular floors. Routes are arranged, around a central courtyard, or central room, or on either side of a central wall. The walls are founded on slow stones, while the upper structure is of shoulderlinths. The walls reach each other's corner. Soil clay mortar is used with high limestone content.
Funeral practices
The tombs of the period that have been excavated and researched are located in Katydata positions in northwestern Cyprus, in Linou village, in Kazafani village (situ Saint Andronikos), Kalavasou area, Psematome-Trellukas, in the villages of Paramalli and Lemesos Province. Generally the cemeteries combined with settlements are 150 m away or in their district. The dominant shape is the square-road chamber, but also variants with multiple chambers (Lapithos). Also lactoid graves (orthogonal plan) and cellular (Carpasia). Covered with tomb tombs we have in Paleoskoutella. In the village of Karmi a lactoid tomb has been identified with a low human relief form imitating an idolplastic plank that testifies to Egyptian influence.
The dead are in a sitting position, supine, side or shy. Their hands cover the face, either crucified to the chest, or attached to the ribs or passed through their feet as if they were tied.
Burials without graves do not have since the dead are accompanied by jewels, tools, quantities of pottery (tenders of amount and storage, idols, boughs), animal bones (horses, birds, dog, camels).
Tools
Copper tools are outnumbered but the use of stone artisans continues. So we have stone smoothed: axes, axes, hammers, hammers, jerks, grindstones, friction and grinding tools, weights. Work surfaces: basins, ploughs, mills. But also stone carved. The raw materials come from nearby rivers and not only: the Muttes Hill near Alhambra is a prehistoric quarry of silicolithic material. Ostena are tool handles, needles, souvles.
Coppers are swords, spears, manuals, axes, chisels, soups, spatulas, hooks, needles, clothing decoration trays, clamps, scrapers, pins. We also have other metal materials: lead, gold, silver.
Religion-worship
Minimal and challenging the data of the period. On the hill of Vounari in the village of Flamoudi, we have a rural shrine: room with a series of pits full of ashes and remains of animals and birds, remnants of sacrifices. In the Middle Cup