Poppies

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The poppies (Papaveraceae) are a family in the order of the cockfoot (Ranunculales) within the covered plants (Magnoliopsida).

Description

Vegetative characteristics
They are mostly, one-, two-, perennial (rarely monocarpian) or persistent herbaceous plants, rarely shrubs or trees. They usually contain milk juice.

The leaves are alternate. Auxiliaries are usually not available.

Generative characteristics
The flowers stand together individually or in differently constructed inflorescences.

Depending on the subfamily, the ever-twisted flowers are radiarly symmetrical or zygomorphic with a double flower shell (perianth). The two green or leaf-like chalice leaves envelop the crown leaves in a monostrophe contort manner for protection in the buddy stage (see flower diagram) and fall off when the flowers are opened. So opened flowers supposedly have only a flower envelope circle. There are four crown leaves. Depending on the subfamily, there are four, six or many stamens. Two to more fruit leaves have grown into an upper fruit knot. The seed plants are arranged in parietal placement.

Capsule fruits are often formed.

Nomenclature and distribution
The Papaveraceae family was set up in 1789 by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in Genera Plantarum, pp. 235–236. Type genus is Papaver synonyms for Papaveraceae Juss. are: Chelidoniaceae, Eschscholziaceae, Fumariaceae, Hypecoaceae, Platystemonaceae, Pteridophyllaceae.

The Papaveraceae family is divided into two subfamilies, the Papaveroideae and the Fumarioideae. The family includes about 41 genera with about 800 species.

Subfamily Papaveroideae: The flowers are radially symmetrical and contain many stamens. It is divided into three tribes (Chelidonieae, Eschscholzieae and Papavereae) and contains about 23 genera with about 230 species:

Tribus Chelidonieae: It contains about nine genera:
Bocconia: The approximately nine woody species thrive in mountainous regions of Neotropis, including:
Bocconia arborea: It occurs in Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
Mexican poppy (Bocconia frutescens): It is originally spread from Mexico to Panama and on Caribbean islands. In Hawaii and Mauritius, he is a neophyte.
Chelidonium (incl. Coreanomecon): It contains only two to three types, including:
celandine (Chelidonium majus)
Dicranostigma: It contains three species in Asia:
Asian horn poppy or Franchet-Dicranostigma: It thrives on lime or phyllite sand at altitudes between 1725 and 1850 meters in Yunnan as well as Sichuan.
Himalayan poppy or lettuce dicranostigma (Dicranostigma lactucoides): It thrives at altitudes between 2700 and 4300 meters in the Himalayas and Transhimalaya from Garhwal to Nepal and southeastern Tibet.
Fine-stemmed poppy or dicranostigma