Pterois miles (Red Lionfish)

Origin and Distribution

Pterois miles, commonly known as the red lionfish or red scorpionfish, is a species of fish native to the Indo-Pacific region. It has been introduced to other parts of the world through human activity, including the Red Sea, Indian Ocean, North American east coast, Caribbean, and Mediterranean via the Suez Canal (Lessepsian Migration). As of 2016, it had established itself along the southeast coast of Cyprus within a year. In addition, sightings have been reported off Crete, Rhodes, other Greek islands, and in the Adriatic Sea off Croatia as of 2021.

Physical Characteristics

The red lionfish has a laterally flattened body with extremely long fin rays on its anterior dorsal fin and pectoral fins. Its coloration is reddish-brown with white transverse lines. The species can grow up to approximately 30 cm (12 in) in length.

Fin Structure

Its dorsal fin contains 13 long, strong spines and between 9-11 soft rays. The anal fin has three long spines and six or seven soft rays. The dorsal fin appears feathery, while the pectoral fins resemble wings with broad, separated, and fleshy rays.

Habitat and Behavior

Pterois miles is a nocturnal and crepuscular species, meaning it hunts for fish and crabs at night and dusk. During the day, it retreats into caves or under large coral sticks. It can penetrate to a water depth of 50 meters.

Venomous Spines

The spiky rays of its dorsal fin contain a strong poison, which can cause painful injuries.

Etymology

The scientific name "Pterois miles" comes from the Greek word "pteron", meaning "wing", and the Latin word "miles", meaning "soldier".