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Eroca vesicaria, commonly called arugula, caterpillar, ruca, arucula or roqueta, is an annual plant, wild or cultivated, edible, of the family Brassicaceae (brasicaceae). It is native to the Mediterranean region. It is located in central and eastern Spain, the rest of southern Europe, North Africa and West Asia.

Description
It is an upright, ramorous plant, 20 to 100 cm high; the young spatulated leaves become lurred and with the margin deeply cleft. The flowers, tetrameras, perfect, are found in clusters, the corolla has four petals in the form of a cross (cross), white to yellowish, with violet venation and fruits in cylindrical silicas. It blooms in spring or late winter.

Culture and history

It grows like an edible grass in the Mediterranean area since the time of the Roman Empire. Several classic authors consider her an aphrodisiac. It is mentioned in a long poem attributed to Virgilio, Moretum, which contains the line: et veneris revocans eruca morantuem (the arucula excites the sexual desire of the dreamy people). Some authors claim that for this reason, during the Middle Ages it was prohibited to cultivate arucula in monasteries. However, in Capitulare de villis v. Curtis imperii a decree issued by Carlomagno in 802 was included as one of the aromatic herbs suitable for cultivation in the gardens. Gillian Reilly, author of the Oxford Companion to Italian Food, states that because of her reputation as a sexual stimulant, she was "prudently mixed with lettuce, which was the opposite" (that is, it is calm or even soporiferous). Reilly continues "today the arucula is intimately enjoyed in mixed salads, to which it adds a pleasant spicy taste."

The arucula was traditionally collected in nature or cultivated in family gardens along with herbs such as parsley and basil. It is now commercially grown in the Veneto and from Iowa to Brazil and Argentina, and is available for purchase in supermarkets and farmers markets around the world. It was also naturalized as a wild plant outside its natural distribution area in temperate regions around the world, including northern Europe and North America.

The cultivation of rubles under soft frost conditions hampers the growth of the plant, as well as twisting green to red leaves.

Taxonomy
Eruca vesicaria was described by (L.) Cav. and published in Description of the Plants 426-427. 1802.
Etimology
Eruca: generic name of the classic Latin used by Colimela, Plinio el Viejo, Horacio and Marcial. The Jepson Manual says "maybe it burns, of spicy taste," but I don't know any words similar to this one that could be a source of the derivation. Eruca is a Latin word that means' caterpillar 'also "hairy caterpillar' as the plant can have soft stems.

vesicaria: Latin epithet meaning "like a bladder"
Synonimia
Brassica eruca L.
Bras