Terebenthin

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It is an oleoresin harvested from softwood trees, yellow or brownish depending on the origin of the tree (most often a species of resinous from Asia, Europe and America).

After purification and distillation, turpentine is separated into two parts: one solid and odourless is colophan; the other liquid and smelling, it's the essence of turpentine.

The lacquer is also obtained from oleoresins of Asian trees.

Types of turpentine

Terebinth turpentine
The "Chio turpentine", also known as the turpentine of Cyprus or Hungary, was originally produced from the sap of the turbinth pistachio, to which it owes its name. It could be one of the multiple constituents of the theriac of the western maritime pharmacopoeia to the .

Terebenthine was then produced mainly from resins of different species of resinous species, such as Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster), Aleppo Pine (Pinus halopensis), Marsh Pine (Pinus palustris) or Ponderosa Pine (Pinus ponderosa)

Pine turpentine

In 1877 we distinguish several kinds of turpentine:
the Térébenthine of Bordeaux — withdraws from the Maritime Pine, Pinus pinaster; the one made in France;
Boston Terebenthine — withdraws from Marsh Pine, Pinus palustris;
The Terebenthine of Caroline — removed from incense pine, Pinus taeda; This turpentine is very thick opaque and has a particular strong odour; being filtered it is transparent and somewhat amber. It deflects polarized light to the left while its essence is dextrogyre;
Terebenthin of Germany — obtained from Pinus austiaca, Pinus sylvestris, Pinus rotundata;
Riga Balm or Carpathians — transparent liquid obtained from Pinus cembra shoots;
The Balm of Hungary — supplied by Pinus Mugho, which gives by distillation a kind of essence of a golden yellow and pleasant smell, called Templin Oil;
American Terebenthin — provided by Pinus strobus

The "Trebenthine de Bordeaux", again called "Brai" "Poix de Bordeaux", "galipot", "Trebenthine officinale" or "Trebenthine of pine", is the resin extracted from the Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster), giving after purification and distillation the very famous "pesence of terebenthine" as well as the colophan (residue of distillation).

The medical dictionary of the 1830s says:

Trebenthine of spruce
Another turpentine is collected in the Vosges from the common epic, which the same dictionary describes as follows:

Merezian turpentine

The "Venice turpentine", or Briançon, is obtained by the distillation of the resin of a species of larch, Larix decidua, and sometimes also of certain pines.

Rabbit turpentine

The "terebenthine of Canada" or balm of Canada is an oleoresin from a Canadian tree, the balsam fir (Abies balsamea).
The "Térébenthine d'Alsace" or the Vosges, extracted from the Sapin c