The 7th Century

Overview

The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700, marking the beginning of the Middle Ages in the Middle East and significant events that shaped world history.

Events in the Middle East

### Rise of Islam Islam emerged in Arabia during this century, with key events including:

* The Battle of Bedir (627 CE), a military victory for Muslims under Mohammed bin Abdullah.
* The Battle of Uhud (625 CE), a defeat for Muslims against Meccan pagans.
* The Hudeybiye Treaty (628 CE), the first understanding between Muslims and pagans.
* The Conquest of Mecca (630 CE), the first attack by Muslims, resulting in minimal bloodshed.

### Succession of Muhammad
After the death of Muhammad in 632 CE, Abu Bakr was chosen as the first caliph, marking the beginning of the Four Caliphs era in Islamic history. During this period, the Quran was compiled and written down.

Global Events

### Establishment of the Muslim Empire
The Arab conquests led to the establishment of the Muslim empire, which conquered large parts of the Sasanian and Byzantine empires, spreading Islam throughout the Middle East and parts of Europe.

### Western Europe
In France, the Merovingian dynasty was replaced by the Carolingian dynasty, with Charles the Great (Charlemagne) becoming a prominent figure in the early 9th century. He would go on to found the Holy Roman Empire.

### South America and China
* In South America, Maya culture continued to flourish during this period.
* In China, the Tang Dynasty rose to power, marking a significant era of Chinese history.

Major Events

* The writing of the Quran was completed during this century.
* Islam spread throughout the Middle East and parts of Europe.
* The Muslim empire expanded significantly under Arab rule.