"The Civil-legal status of Romanian Jews"

- CONTENT -
THE CIVILIAN-LEGAL STATUS OF ROMANIAN JEWS EMPLOYED MANY IN ROMANIA AND ABROAD FOR GENERATIONS, AND WAS SUBJECT TO CHANGES. THE UNION OF ROMANIAN PROSTHESIS LED TO THE SETTLEMENT OF ROMANIAN JEWISH STATUS IN UNIFORM LEGISLATION, WHICH DURING THE TIME HAD PIONEER CHANGES THAT PROFOUNDLY INFLUENCED THE LIVES OF ROMANIAN JEWS.

UNLIKE THE TREND DEVELOPED THROUGHOUT EUROPE, THE VARIOUS GOVERNMENTS IN ROMANIA REFUSED TO GRANT FULL CIVIL RIGHTS TO STATE JEWS. THE CIVILIAN-LEGAL STATUS OF THE JEWS IN A CERTAIN PERIOD WAS DESCRIBED BY ITALIAN JEWISH POLITICIAN LUIGI LOUTI IN THE WORDS: “THE LAST OF THE SLAVES IN EUROPE.” AS THE GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA WAS QUESTIONED BY THE EUROPEAN POWERS, TO REGULATE THE STATUS OF JEWS, ROMANIANS TRIED IN VARIOUS WAYS TO REDUCE THESE RIGHTS AND WHEN APPROPRIATE POLICY CONSTITUENCIES WERE CREATED TO ABOLISH ROMANIAN JEWISH CITIZENSHIP, A PRECURSOR TO ROMANIAN JEWRY.

IN OCTOBER 1857, SPECIAL MEETINGS WERE CALLED IN THE PRINCES OF MOLDOVA AND THE REPUBLIC AND THE ASSEMBLY, BY SELECTING HIM AS RULER IN BOTH OF THE CHANCES, ALEKSO YUAN COZA, CREATED A PRIVILEGE SHIP, WHICH WON THE NAME OF THE UNITED ROMANIAN CHANCES, WHERE IT WAS LATER RENAMED ROMANIA. THE UNIFICATION OF THE TWO JEWISH COMMUNITIES, THE JEWISHNESS OF MOLDOVA AND JUDAISM, WHICH TOGETHER CREATED ROMANIAN JEWRY. THE ODDS WERE TAKEN IN SIMILAR LAWS AND PRACTICES TOWARD JEWISH COMMUNITIES BUT NOT IDENTICAL, AND THE EU CREATED THE NECESSITY TO PRODUCE A UNIFORM LEGISLATION FOR THE SETTLEMENT OF THE CIVILIAN-LEGAL STATUS OF THE JEWISH MINORITY IN THE UNITED STATES. THE LEGISLATION BEGAN WITH A HINT AT THE PARIS AGREEMENT (1856), BUT OVER TIME, THE LEGISLATION WAS MADE BY CHANGES THAT HAVE PROFOUNDLY INFLUENCED THE LIFE OF ROMANIAN JEWS.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

THE DECLARATION OF ISLAM
DURING THE SPRING OF THE PEOPLES, IN 1848, YOUNG INTELLECTUALS AND ERITREANS PARTICIPATED IN THE ROMANIAN CHANCES OF POLITICAL ACTION TO CHANGE POWER IN THE SPIRIT OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION. THE MOST SIGNIFICANT ACTION TOOK PLACE IN THE PRINCES AND THE NATION, WHERE IT WAS PUBLISHED AND APPROVED BY THE DECLARATION OF ISLAMASE, WHICH WAS SUBSEQUENTLY OBSERVED ON THE LOCAL RULER. THE REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT WAS SUPPRESSED AND SOME OF THE REVOLUTIONARIES WERE EXILED OR FORCED TO ESCAPE. ALONGSIDE THE ROMANIAN REVOLUTIONARIES, JEWS ALSO ACTED, AND THEY ALSO TRAINED A SIGNIFICANT PART OF THE REVOLUTIONARY ACTIVITY. IN THE ISLAMIC DECLARATION, ONE OF THE CLAUSES SUPPORTS THE EMANCIPATION OF JEWS (ISRAELIS IN THE DECLARATION) AND EQUAL POLITICAL RIGHTS.

AFTER THE UNIFICATION OF THE ROMANIAN CHANCES, ALEXANDERO YUAN COZA, ONE OF THE REVOLUTIONARIES OF 1848, AND MANY OF THE OTHER REVOLUTIONARYS WERE TRAINED WITH ROMANIA’S POLITICAL LEADERSHIP. NOT ALL OF THESE REVOLUTIONARIES REMAINED LOYAL TO THE STATED CLAUSE IN THE ISLAMIC DECLARATION, SUCH AS YUN BERTIANO, WHO HAD COMPLETELY CHANGED DIRECTION.

PARIS AGREEMENT (1858) AND ITS CONSEQUENCES

IN THE TREATY OF PARIS (1856), PEACE WAS SIGNED AFTER THE CRIMEA WAR AND THIS OPPORTUNITY WAS ALSO DISCUSSED BY THE FATE OF THE DANUBE’S CHANCES, THE NAME IN WHICH HE MET IN TWO SEPARATE ROMANIAN STRATAS, THE PRINCIPALS OF MOLDOVA AND THE REPUBLIC, WHOSE WAY WAS THE DANUBE RIVER. THE 1858 PARIS AGREEMENT CREATED THE LEGAL BASIS FOR THE UNION OF THE TWO ROMANIANS AND IS CONSIDERED THE FIRST CONSTITUTION OF THE ROMANIAN CHANCES.

IN ARTICLE 46 OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT, IT WAS DETERMINED THAT THE PEOPLE OF MOLDOVA AND THE COUNTRY OF EVERY CHRISTIAN STREAM WOULD HAVE EQUAL POLITICAL RIGHTS. THE JEWS WERE NOT MENTIONED AT ALL, BUT THE FORMULATION CLEARLY SHOWED THAT THEY WOULD NOT ENJOY THE POLITICAL RIGHTS GRANTED TO THE RESIDENTS OF MOLDOVA AND THE REPUBLIC.

IN 1864, FOLLOWING THE TRANSFORMATION OF MAY 2, 1864, THE CHANCES OF THE DEVELOPING CLASS OF THE PARIS AGREEMENT WERE ADOPTED, A DOCUMENT OF THE NATURE OF THE CONSTITUTION, WHICH INTERPRETED THE TYPES OF VOTERS ACCORDING TO THEIR INCOME, BUT THIS DOCUMENT WAS WRITTEN IN THE SPIRIT OF THE CONSENT OF PARIS AND DID NOT GRANT POLITICAL RIGHTS TO THE JEWS OF ROMANIAN CHANCES. THE ALEKSANDRO YUAN COZA REPORT SUPPORTED JEWISH EMANCIPATION, BUT, AS HE TESTIFIED TO THE JEWS, ALTHOUGH HE WANTED TO GIVE THEM FULL EQUALITY, IT DID NOT RISE IN HIS HANDS, THEREFORE, THE BEGINNING OF THE JEWS