The Iron Age

Overview

The Iron Age is a period in prehistory and early history named after the widespread use of iron as a material for manufacturing tools and weapons. It is considered the last of the three main periods in the geological system, following the Stone Age and the Bronze Age.

History

The beginning of the Iron Age varies depending on the geographical region. In the Middle East, it is generally considered to have begun between 1500 and 1000 BC. In India and Greece, this period also started around 1500-1000 BC. In Central Europe, the Iron Age began in the 8th century BC, while in Northern Zagros, it started in the 6th century BC.

Characteristics

The Iron Age was characterized by a significant development of iron production compared to other metal industries. The improvement of iron smelting and shaping processes, as well as the availability of iron production sources, made iron superior to bronze and cheaper. This led to the replacement of bronze with iron in most industries.

Timeline

* Middle East: 1200 BC (beginning of the Iron Age) - demise of the Hittite Empire
* Northern Europe: 750 BC - 1025 AD
* Central Europe: 8th century BC
* Northern Zagros: 6th century BC

Regional Variations

While the exact timing of the Iron Age varies across regions, it is generally considered to be a period marked by significant technological and cultural changes. In some ancient societies, the metallurgical technologies needed to work iron appeared simultaneously with other technological and cultural changes, including changes in agriculture, religious beliefs, and artistic styles.

References

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