"The Jaffa Agreement (1229)"

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THE JAFFA AGREEMENT ALSO CALLED THE TEL AL-AJOL JAFFA AGREEMENT IS AN AGREEMENT SIGNED IN FEBRUARY 1229 BETWEEN FREDERICK II, THE EMPEROR OF THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE AS THE CROWN OF THE KING OF JERUSALEM AND THE EGYPTIAN SULTAN AL-KELMEL. THIS AGREEMENT WAS THE CULMINATION OF THE SIXTH CRUSADE AND WAS TRANSFERRED TO THE CRUSADER STATE OF ISRAEL AND A PARTIAL CONTROL OF JERUSALEM.

BACKGROUND

THE FIFTH CRUSADE

THE FIFTH CRUSADE, WHICH WAS THE IMMEDIATE CONTINUATION, WAS HELD BETWEEN 1217 AND 1221, THIS JOURNEY WAS DIRECTED AGAINST EGYPT, THINKING THAT THE COLLAPSE OF THE INDIGENOUS DYNASTY AND THE CONQUEST OF EGYPT WOULD ENSURE CROSS-EUROPEAN CONTROL IN ISRAEL AND JERUSALEM.
THE JOURNEY ENDED WITH COMPLETE FAILURE – THE SURRENDER OF THE CRUSADER ARMY TO THE EGYPTIAN ARMY AND THE IVY SULTAN.
THE SURRENDER AGREEMENT BROUGHT BACK TO THE SULTAN’S HANDS OCCUPIED TERRITORIES FIRST AND FOREMOST THE CITY OF DETROIT AND THE MUSLIM PRISONERS OF WAR. IN RETURN, THE SULTAN RETURNED THE CRUSADER FIGHTERS TO HIS ARMY AND THE CHRISTIAN PRISONERS OF WAR. THE PEACE TREATY WAS SIGNED FOR EIGHT YEARS AND SECURED THE STATUS QUO ON THE BORDERS OF THE CRUSADER STATE.

FREDERICK II

THE FAILURE OF THE FIFTH CRUSADE LED TO A NEW AWAKENING IN EUROPE. POPE HORUS III CAME BACK AND DEMANDS THAT FREDERICK II FULFILL HIS CHRISTIAN DUTY AND THE CRUSADER OATH HE TOOK UPON HIMSELF AND EMBARK ON A CRUSADE TO THE HOLY LAND IN ORDER TO LIBERATE JERUSALEM.

IN A MEETING HELD IN 1222 IN THE ITALIAN CITY OF BRINDISI, IT WAS AGREED BETWEEN THE POPE, THE EMPEROR AND THE KING OF JERUSALEM JEAN DE BRARIN FOR THE LAUNCH OF A NEW CRUSADE. IN ANOTHER MEETING HELD IN 1223, THE KING OF JERUSALEM AND THE POPE, PRESUMABLY AS AN INCENTIVE - THAT THE EMPEROR WOULD MARRY ISABEL, THE 11-YEAR-OLD DAUGHTER AND THE SUCCESSOR OF THE KING OF JERUSALEM.

IN 1226 HE TOOK ON HIMSELF – AGAIN – THE EMPEROR MADE THE PLEDGE TO EMBARK ON A CRUSADE, BUT REJECTED THE DATE OF THE JOURNEY TO THE SUMMER OF 1227.

FREDERICK II, KING OF JERUSALEM
THE EMPEROR'S FIRST ACT IN HIS "MONTH" WAY TO THE CRUSADE WAS THE REALIZATION OF THE PROPOSAL OF MARRIAGE TO ISABEL, AND FOUR THOUSAND SHIPS WENT TO THE PORT OF ACRE. AFTER THE EMPEROR'S REPRESENTATIVE HELD AN ENGAGEMENT CEREMONY, ISABEL WAS CROWNED TO THE QUEEN OF JERUSALEM IN THE SIEGE CHURCH AND FROM THERE THE SMALL NAVY SAILED TO BRINDIZY IN WHICH THE WEDDING CEREMONY WAS HELD ON 9 NOVEMBER 1225. THE KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM BECAME PART OF THE EMPERORS OF ROME.
FREDERICK II DEMANDED – AND RECEIVED THE CONCESSION OF JEAN DE BRARIN FOR HIS TITLE AS KING OF JERUSALEM AND LATER DEMANDED AND RECEIVED THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE OF THE KNIGHTS OF THE LAND.

IN SEPTEMBER 1227, THE CRUSADER FLEET WAS ARRESTED ON HIS WAY TO THE LAND OF ISRAEL AFTER THE EMPEROR ANNOUNCED A SUDDEN ILLNESS THAT ATTACKED HIM. THIS DELAY JEOPARDIZING THE SAGA AND THE POPE BOYCOTTED THE SERBIAN CRUSADER EMPEROR.

THE SIXTH CRUSADE

THE FAILURE OF THE FIFTH CRUSADE AND THE DELAYS IN THE SIXTH CRUSADE BROUGHT THE KINGDOM OF JERUSALEM TO PARALYSIS, THE KINGDOM REACHED THE END OF ITS POWER AND THE KING OF JERUSALEM WAS FORCED TO SEE - FROM THE SIDE - ACRE, THE MAIN CITY OF ITS KINGDOM, BECOMING A REAL BATTLEFIELD BETWEEN THE ITALIAN COMMUNES. AGAINST THE OTHER HAND, THE CRUSADER KING’S BUSINESS IN COLLECTING FUNDS FOR HIS KINGDOM WHICH WAS LACK OF ECONOMIC RESOURCES AND STRICT EXPRESSION OF THE ARMISTICE AGREEMENT WITH HOPE THAT THE EMPEROR’S ARRIVAL WILL CHANGE THE PICTURE FROM THE END.

CROSSING BATTALIONS FROM EUROPE PREPARING FOR THE SUPPOSED CRUSADE TO LIBERATE JERUSALEM AND LOCAL NOBLES COULD NO LONGER WAIT, AND THEY TOOK OVER THE CITY OF HUNTING, WHICH WAS COMPLETELY DEVASTATED AND THE NUMBER OF SMALL RESIDENTS. FOR HALF A YEAR - FROM NOVEMBER 1227 TO MARCH 1228 THE CRUSADERS WORKED IN THE REBUILDING OF THE CITY'S CREATURES AND AT THE SAME TIME OTHER CRUSADERS HEADED BY THE TEUTONIC ORDER IN THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MONTFORT FORTRESS. UPON THE COMPLETION OF THESE WORKS, THE CRUSADERS RETURNED TO THE CITY OF CAESAREA, A WORK THAT ENDED IN SEPTEMBER 1228.

ON JUNE 28, 1228, THE EMPEROR LEFT THE PORT OF BRUNEIS AT THE HEAD OF A SMALL FLEET, AND AFTER THREE WEEKS LANDED IN THE PORT OF LIMASSOL IN CYPRUS, AFTER A CONFRONTATION WITH A CONFRONTATION WITH A SMALL FLEET