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OTTOMAN LAW WAS LED IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, WHICH TOOK PLACE FROM THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY TO THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY. THE EMPIRE HAS LED TWO CENTRAL SYSTEMS: ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS LAW, SHARIA, AND SECULAR LAW – CANNON. THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE RULING WAS ALWAYS THE SHARIA, ISLAMIC LAW, BUT AT THE SAME TIME THE CANON TOOK PLACE, WHICH WAS USED AS AN ADDITION TO THE RELIGIOUS LAW AT POINTS IN WHICH IT WAS LACKING OR NOT EXPLICITLY INK. WHEREAS AND THE POPULATION WHOSE LIFE UNDER THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE WAS MOST RELIGIOUSLY AND CULTURALLY DIVERSE, THE REGIME ESTABLISHED A COMPLEX JUDICIAL SYSTEM THAT REFLECTS SOCIAL DIVERSITY AND ENABLES A COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT GROUPS WITHIN IT.

SHARIA AND INSTITUTIONS
WHEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE WAS FOUNDED, ISLAMIC LAW, SHARIA, WAS ALREADY FULLY DEVELOPED. IN THE 14TH CENTURY, THE MUSLIM POPULATION WAS COMPOSED IN OTTOMAN TERRITORY FROM TURKS, MOSTLY ILLITERATE AND IGNORANT, REGARDING THE DEVELOPED ISLAMIC LAW. THEIR BASIC FAMILIARITY WITH THE SHARIA STEMS FROM THE MEETING OF THEIR ANCESTORS WITH THE PERSIAN-SPEAKING MUSLIMS IN THE SOCHIKI AND IRAN. HOWEVER, THE SULTANS IN THE 14TH CENTURY QUICKLY ADOPTED THE OLD ISLAMIC WORLD CULTURE, INCLUDING ISLAMIC LAW, ESPECIALLY THE LAW OF THE PHILANTHROPIC SCHOOL THAT WAS PRACTICED IN RUM SULTANS.

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A JUDICIAL SYSTEM IN THE NEW EMPIRE DEMANDED A FOUNDATION OF MARS THAT WOULD TRAIN ESSENTIAL FUNCTIONS TO ITS CONDUCT: TEACHERS, MASTERPIECES AND CHADS. THE FIRST SULTAN ORHAN (WHO RULED BETWEEN 1324–1362) ESTABLISHED THE FIRST OTTOMAN HEADQUARTERS IN THE CITY OF IZNICK. IN THE FIRST HALF CENTURY OF THE EMPIRE THERE WAS NO TRADITION OF LEARNING ISLAMIC CONTENT IN ITS TERRITORY, AND THEREFORE TEACHERS FROM THE CENTRAL ISLAMIC EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE TIME IN EGYPT, SYRIA AND IRAN WERE INVITED TO RECORD THE NEW DEMOLITIONS. IN ADDITION, LOCAL SCHOLARS WERE SENT TO THESE INSTITUTIONS IN ORDER TO TRANSFER I WENT TO THE REALMS OF THE EMPIRE. BY 1500, THE EMPIRE ITSELF BECAME AN ISLAMIC STUDY CENTER THAT ALSO ATTRACTED SCHOLARS FROM THE OUTSIDE, THANKS TO THE BROAD ECONOMIC SUPPORT OF THE SOULTANS IN THE NEW BRIGADES. IN ADDITION, THE CONQUEST OF EGYPT AND SYRIA IN 171516 RESULTED IN THE ANNEXATION OF THE OLD INSTITUTIONS TO THE TERRITORY OF THE SULTAN.

FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY, THESE WERE THE REBELLINGS IN THE REALMS OF THE EMPIRE THAT TRAINED GENERATIONS OF TEACHERS, MASTERPIECES AND CHADS. THE CARDS WERE THE MOST IMPORTANT FIGURES IN THE DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF THE EMPIRE. EVERY SETTLEMENT, AS SMALL AS IT WERE, WAS UNDER KAADI’S AUTHORITY, IN MOST CASES FROM THE SCHOOL. AFTER THE OCCUPATION'S JOURNEYS IN 17-1516, KAEDS FROM THE OCCUPIED, MAMLUK, AND THE CARNIVAL CONTINUED TO OPERATE AND BE DIVIDED BY THEIR SCHOOL IN THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES, BUT THEY WERE FORCED INTO NARCOTICS, AND HAD TO SEND THEIR RULINGS TO APPROVAL OF THEIR HANDS.

SHARIA HAS DEFINED MOST OF THE ISSUES CONCERNING THE DAY-TO-DAY OF MUSLIMS IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AND MANY ASPECTS OF NON-MUSLIM LIVES. DESPITE THIS, SHE DID NOT ALWAYS IMPOSE ALL THE AREAS OF LIFE AND ADAPTED TO THE DEMANDS THAT THE REALITY OF LIFE IN THE EMPIRE HAS BROUGHT ABOUT. FOR THIS REASON, THERE WAS ANOTHER LEGAL FRAMEWORK THAT WOULD ELIMINATE THE LACKS, WHICH THE KANNON FILLED.

CANNON
THE NESTING COVERED AREAS LACKING IN SHARIA OR THOSE DIFFICULT TO IMPLEMENT THROUGH IT, FOR EXAMPLE: CRIMINAL LAW, LAND LAW AND TAXATION, WHILE SIMULTANEOUSLY HAVING TO SETTLE WITH THE SHARIA. THE OTTOMANS DID NOT INVENT THE SECULAR LAW; ITS SOURCES WERE DRAWN FROM LOCAL CUSTOMS, WHICH RESULTED IN ITS INITIAL LEGITIMACY. AT THE END OF THE 15TH AND 16TH CENTURY, THE SULTANS MADE CHANGES AND ADJUSTMENTS AT THEIR DISCRETION AND WROTE THEIR OWN CODES. THE CODES WERE CALLED CANNON-NAMA (VERLY: BOOK OF LAWS), WITH THE FAMOUS ONES ASSOCIATED WITH THE NAMES OF THE SULTANS. AT THE BASE OF THE OTTOMAN CANON, THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN THE SERVICE PROVIDERS WHO RECEIVED A SALARY FROM THE SULTAN AND THE TAXPAYERS. ACCORDING TO THIS CLASSIFICATION, FROM