ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

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The Roman Kingdom (Latin: Regnum Romanum) was the state organization of Rome and its territories from the founding of the city in 753 BC by Romulus to the expulsion of Lucius Tarquinius Superbus in 509 BC and the formation of the Roman Republic.

In Roman mythology, when the Greeks waged war against Troy, Trojan Prince Aeneas sailed across the Mediterranean to Italy and founded Lavinium. His son Ascanius (Lulus) went on, founding Alba Longa. From the royal family of Albei Longa came the two Romulus and Remus twins, who carried on the founding of Rome in 753 B.C.

Italy pre-Roman

Bronze Age
In the Bronze Age, the in- Europeans settled in Italy, moving to the peninsula in the north-south direction. After the variety of artifacts, bronze tools and weapons, as well as ceramics with geometric incisions, a cultural uniformity occurred. The settlements in the area of the appendicic culture were small in size, having a sedentary, agrar- pastoral appearance, being located in mountain areas, in southern Etruria, in Apulia and in Latium. Small villages practiced transhumant shepherd. According to the discovery of appendicic pottery, the carolinary region of Rome was poorly inhabited. Towards the end of the Bronze Age, ceramics are changing and the tools are developing in accordance with demographic growth and amplification of the dimensions of human settlements. Cremation replaces or doubles the inhumation, as urinal fields similar to those in central Europe are discovered. Cultural differences are increasing.

Iron Age
The Iron Age begins in the years 1100-900 BC, offering a wide variety of cultural aspects, being classified according to funeral information. Two major cultural areas are distinguished, to the 18th century BC: the Inhumation of the Apenine culture and the Cremation, specific to northern Italy and the Lower Tyrrhenian Coastal Areas.

In Campania and Calabria there are fossa-type graves, in Apulia, there are pottery with geometric motifs and handles, in a wide variety of forms, in the Adriatic coast there are stone stars with hunting and war scenes. The weapons were deposited in the inhumation tombs, which attests to the existence of a military social Catholic. In the Golasseca or Atestine culture, aristocratic defunctions were incinerated, whose polls were deposited in graves with inventories rich in weapons, armor, which had four wheels.

As part of Villanova culture, the ash was deposited in bonnet bitronconic urns, placed under the slab, or in hut-type urns. Bronze Age settlements were abandoned, new urban types were created during the IX- VIII BC Lingvistic, the situation of the peninsula was complex, being attested to the existence of native populations, prior to the arrival of the Greek settlers, being referred to as vitaloi / italoi, ausons, sicani / siculi in Sicily. There were about 40 languages or dialects grouped in non-indoEuropean, such as the raetic, liguric or Etruscan, and the varieties