ROMSO Cyprus Knowledge Base

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THE SECOND EGYPTIAN-JEWISH WAR (ALSO KNOWN AS THE SECOND SYRIAN WAR) WAS A WAR THAT TOOK PLACE BETWEEN 1839 AND 1841 BETWEEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE UNDER THE SECOND MUTANT, THE OTTOMAN SULTAN (FADASHA), AND AYITE EGYPT UNDER MUHAMMAD ALI PASHA, AND IN FACT THE SUB-SAHARAN OF EGYPT FOR THE FATE OF GREAT SYRIA AND THE LAND OF ISRAEL.

THE STRUGGLE, WHICH TOOK PLACE BETWEEN TWO REGIONAL POWERS IN THE MIDDLE EAST, EVENTUALLY LED TO THE GROWTH OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN, EGYPT AND THE LEVANT.

BACKGROUND
AFTER THE GREEK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE BEGAN IN A PROLONGED PROCESS OF ANY FRONTAL COLLAPSE;
TWO YEARS AFTER THE WAR, THE MONARCHY OF JULY INVADED OTTOMAN ALGERIA AND ANNEXED IT TO ITS COLONIAL EMPIRE.
TWO YEARS BEFORE THE END OF THE WAR, MILITARY ACTION BY THE OTTOMAN ARMY TO OVERTHROW ONCE AND FOR ALL THE MONOPOLY OF THE MUSLIM LANDS IN ITS OTTOMAN HOMELAND ENDED IN DECADES OF REBELLION IN THE REGION.
A SERBIAN AGRICULTURAL REBELLION ON THE BOSNIAN LANDS IN HERZEGOVINA FORCED THE OTTOMANS TO DIVIDE THE TERRITORIES FROM THE SLAVIC PEOPLES IN THE BALKANS.
INSECURITY IN THE PAST, THE NILE BROUGHT MUHAMMAD ALI TO BE THE RULER OF AN INDEPENDENT EGYPTIAN STATE.

TRAVELS BY MUHAMMAD ALI
MUHAMMAD ALI WAS A POLICY TOWARD AGGRESSIVE EXPANSION, ALONG WITH HIS RULE HE CONQUERED SUDAN, ERITREA, JABOUTI, HAJAZ AND SEVERAL YEARS EVEN THE CENTER OF THE ARABIAN PENINSULA. AFTER THE OTTOMANS REFUSED TO GRANT HIM CYPRUS AND CRETE FOR HIS WORK IN THE GREEK WAR OF INDEPENDENCE (AS PROMISED BEFORE THE WAR), ALI HAD THE EXCUSE TO GO TO WAR WITH THE OTTOMANS AND FULFILL HIS LONG-STANDING DESIRE TO CONQUER JERUSALEM AND DAMASCUS.

DURING THE WAR, THE FIRST EGYPTIAN-JEWISH WAR, THE EGYPTIAN ARMY CAPTURED SYRIA FROM THE OTTOMANS AND THE EGYPTIAN-ARAB EMPIRE OF ALI REACHED ITS INTERNATIONAL PEAK.

THE WAR

THE HONESTY.
THROUGHOUT THE RULE OF MUHAMMAD ALI IN THE GREAT SYRIAN TERRITORY, A LARGE NUMBER OF REBELLIONS TOOK PLACE AGAINST HIS RULE, THERE WAS A REBELLION IN THE FARMERS IN SYRIA, THEN AN ARAB REBELLION OF ISRAEL, AND THEN A DRUZE REBELLION AND FINALLY A REBELLION OF THE IMMIGRANTS. ALL OF THESE REVOLTS HAVE ASSURED THE OTTOMAN GOVERNMENT THAT IF IT IS ATTACKED, IT WILL HAVE THE SUPPORT OF THE RESIDENTS IN THE TERRITORIES, BUT THIS DOES NOT PREVENT ALI’S SON, IBRAHIM PASHA, FROM REACHING THE OUTSKIRTS OF ANKARA DURING THE PREVIOUS WAR, THE OTTOMANS WOULD NEED EUROPEAN SUPPORT.

FINALLY, IT WAS THE BRITISH EMPIRE, WITH THE WORLD'S LARGEST ROYAL ROYAL NAVY, UNDER THE BRITISH PRIME MINISTER WILLIAM LAM, AND THE SECOND GOVERNOR OF MELBOURNE, WHO WOULD GO AHEAD OF DIRECT MILITARY SUPPORT FOR THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE CASE OF A WAR AGAINST EGYPT. THE BRITISH AGREED THAT THEY WOULD SUPPORT OTTOMANS, BUT THIS WOULD NOT BE FREE, AND IN RETURN TO THEIR AID, WOULD BE GIVEN TO THE BRITISH EMPIRE THE ISLAND OF CYPRUS AS WELL AS TERRITORIAL WATERS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN.

THE BATTLE FOR NIZABI
THE OTTOMAN ARMY (WITH THE MILITARY SUPPORT OF THE PRUSSIAN ENVOY HELMUT VON MOLTKA TO COMMAND THE ARTILLERY), FIRST INVADED THE EGYPTIAN AREA IN WHITENET AND WENT SOUTH UNTIL BEN ALI'S FORCES WERE DESTROYED, THE ABKHAS IN TODAY'S NAIF CITY. THESE WERE BETWEEN 30,000 AND 80,000 OTTOMAN SOLDIERS, AGAINST THE EGYPTIAN ARMY OF 30,000 SOLDIERS. EGYPTIAN LEADERSHIP SKILLS, ALONG WITH THE LOW MILITARY MORALE OF THE MANY KURDISH SOLDIERS IN THE OTTOMAN ARMY, WHICH WERE NEW RECRUITS, LED TO A CENTRAL OTTOMAN DEFEAT AND THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE INVADER.

NAVAL FIGHTING

IN JULY 1839, HE DIED OF THE SECOND MUTANT AND HIS 16-YEAR-OLD SON INHERITED HIM, FEARING THAT THE YOUNG SULTAN WOULD PLAY TO THE EUROPEANS, THE GRAND-ADMIRAL OF THE OTTOMAN NAVY, AHMAD FABAZI PASHA, WHO MOVED WITH THE NAVY TOWARDS AN ATTACK IN THE CENTER OF EGYPT, EMPTIED TO THE EGYPTIAN SIDE AND DELIVERED THE ENTIRE FLEET UNDER HIS CONTROL TO EGYPT IN A CENTRAL SURRENDER THAT TOOK PLACE IN ALEXANDRIAI