The Year 1369

**1369**
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### Events

#### Politics and World Affairs

The year 1369 was marked by significant events in European politics. The **Hundred Years' War** between France and England continued, with a major turning point occurring in March at the **Battle of Montiel**.

In this battle, Henry of Trastámara, allied with France, defeated his half-brother Peter I of Castile, who was also supported by England and Portugal. Following the battle, Henry captured Peter and murdered him on March 23rd. This victory allowed Henry to secure the throne of Castile and León, shifting the balance of power in favor of France.

The new government in Castile, now aligned with France, emboldened **Charles V of France** to resume hostilities against England. In response to the changing landscape, the French military adapted by transitioning from a reliance on heavy cavalry (knights) to infantry and artillery. This marked one of the first major uses of artillery in history.

Meanwhile, **King Ferdinand I of Portugal**, with support from England and Aragon, began a war against Henry II of Castile, seeking to conquer the region.

#### Regional Conflicts

* The **Siege of Jerez de la Frontera** took place from July 28 to July 30.
* The **Ferdinand's Wars**, which lasted from 1369 to 1382, commenced in this year.

### Births and Deaths

* **Muhammad ibn Abi al-Nasr, Sheikh al-Mahmudi**
* **Martin V**
* **Johann III**
* **Abu Ishaq Ibrahim bin Abu Bakr.**
* **Ibn Battuta.**
* **Peter I of Cyprus.**
* **Pedro of Castile.**
* **Philippa of Hainault.**
* **John X (Pope of Alexandria).**
* **Malik Makbul**

### References

The year 1369 is equivalent to the Gregorian calendar year.