"The borders of the State of Israel"

- CONTENT -
THE BORDERS OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL DEFINE THE TERRITORY UNDER THE SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL, AND THAT THE LAW, JURISDICTION, AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE STATE.

THE STATE OF ISRAEL IS LED IN FOUR COUNTRIES: LEBANON, SYRIA, JORDAN AND EGYPT, AS WELL AS IN THE GAZA STRIP AND THE JUDEA AND SAMARIA REGION, WHERE THE RULING POWERS ARE DIVIDED BETWEEN THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY AND ISRAEL. ISRAEL ALSO HAS THREE MARITIME BORDERS, THE MEDITERRANEAN, THE DEAD SEA, AND THE SEA, WHERE IT IS IMPORTANT FOR THE TERRITORIAL WATER BORDER AND ISRAEL’S ECONOMIC WATER BORDER.

THE STATE OF ISRAEL HAS NOT DECLARED ITS BORDERS IN THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. THE BORDERS WERE DETERMINED IN A GRADUAL PROCESS, WHICH BEGAN WITH THE SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE POWERS OF THE AGREEMENT 30 YEARS PRIOR TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE, WHICH PROCEEDED IN THE MANDATE, FOR THE PARTITION PLAN, THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, THE ORDER OF THE JURISDICTION AND POWERS, THE 1948 CONSTITUTION OF THE PROVISIONAL STATE COUNCIL, AND IN THE AGREEMENTS OF THE ARMISTICE AT THE END OF THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE, IN WHICH THE GREEN LINE WAS ESTABLISHED, WHICH WAS THE BOUNDARY OF ISRAEL’S ACTUAL SIX-DAY WAR. IN THIS WAR, ISRAEL OCCUPIED VAST AREAS OF TERRITORY CONTROLLED BY ITS NEIGHBORS – SYRIA, JORDAN AND EGYPT, AND FROM WHICH ISRAEL DECLARED JERUSALEM AND THE GOLAN HEIGHTS AS ITS SOVEREIGN TERRITORIES.

IN NOVEMBER 1967, THE GOVERNMENT OF ISRAEL, AT ITS MEETING AS THE MINISTERIAL COMMITTEE ON SECURITY AFFAIRS, DECIDED TO MARK THE BORDERS OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL IN THE CEASEFIRE LINES OF THE SIX-DAY WAR: JUDEA AND SAMARIA, THE GAZA STRIP, THE SINAI PENINSULA AND THE GOLAN HEIGHTS UNDER THESE ARMS STRIKES AT THE END OF THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE – THE GREEN LINE.

THE PEACE AGREEMENT BETWEEN ISRAEL AND EGYPT, IN WHICH THE SINAI PENINSULA RETURNED TO THE EGYPTIAN RULER, RESULTED IN AN AGREEMENT ON THE ISRAELI-EGYPT BORDER. THE PEACE AGREEMENT BETWEEN ISRAEL AND JORDAN RESULTED IN STABILIZING THE BORDER BETWEEN ISRAEL AND JORDAN, AGREEING ON TINY CHANGES IN IT.

SOME OF THE BORDERS OF THE STATE OF ISRAEL ARE CONSIDERED TEMPORARY LIMITS: "ARMAGE LINES", "FORCE SEPARATION LINES" OR "FIRE CEASEFIRE LINES". ISRAEL’S SOVEREIGNTY IN THE GOLAN HEIGHTS IS AT THE HEART OF THE DISPUTE BETWEEN ISRAEL AND SYRIA ON THEIR COMMON BORDER.

ON THE LAND BORDER BETWEEN ISRAEL AND LEBANON, THERE IS AGREEMENT, EXCEPT FOR A SMALL AREA OF THE SHAH. THE MARITIME BORDER AGREEMENT BETWEEN ISRAEL AND LEBANON IN 2022 ESTABLISHED A HOTLINE OF THE EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC AREA AND A HEAT LINE OF TERRITORIAL WATERS BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES, WITH REGARD TO THE FIVE-MILES (THE SPECTATORS) AGREED TO MAINTAIN THEIR ACTUAL STATUS UNTIL THE SETTLEMENT OF THE LAND BORDER BETWEEN THE COUNTRIES.

IN THE 1990S AND IN THE FIRST DECADE OF THE 21ST CENTURY, NEGOTIATIONS BETWEEN ISRAEL AND THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY WERE HELD REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A PALESTINIAN STATE IN JUDEA AND SAMARIA.

THE LENGTH OF BOUNDARIES

EXTERNAL LAND LIMITS
THE EGYPTIAN BORDER: 208KM (LENGTH OF THE SEPARATION FENCE IS 241 KM).
JORDAN’S BORDER: 309 KM (238 KM) WITHOUT THE BORDER BETWEEN THE PLO AND JORDAN.
THE SYRIAN BORDER: 92KM (THE PURPLE LINE IS ESTABLISHED).
THE LEBANESE BORDER: 79 KM. (THE BLUE LINE)

THE LIMITS OF DATA AREAS DISPUTED
THE GAZA STRIP FENCE: 59 KM
JUDEA AND SAMARIA: 330KM
GOLAN HEIGHTS: 76 KM

HISTORICAL EVENTS AND PROCESSES

LIKE OTHER AREAS THAT WERE SUBJECT TO COLONIAL RULE, THE CURRENT BORDERS IN THE MIDDLE EAST WERE LARGELY INFLUENCED BY THE ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN THE POWERS THAT RULED THE REGION. ISRAEL’S BORDERS BEGAN TO BE SHAPED BY THE ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN THE POWERS OF THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY. THE ARMS STRIKE AGREEMENTS, PEACE AGREEMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL MEDIATION ARRANGEMENTS HAVE GENERALLY REAFFIRMED THE ROUTE SET IN INTERIM ARRANGEMENTS. IN CASES WHERE A NEW BORDER ROUTE IS SET, IT IS DETERMINED BY MOST DUE TO WAR, USUALLY ALONG THE LAST FRONT LINE. IN MOST CASES, A NEW BORDER ROUTE IS STILL CONTROVERSIAL AND TEMPORARY.

SEVERAL PROCESSES THAT TOOK PLACE PRIOR TO THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE STATE CONTRIBUTED TO THE DESIGN OF ITS BORDERS:
THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A TASK IN 1896. "THE EXISTENCE OF A SETTLEMENT IN THE CARGO FOR TWENTY-FIVE