"The split in Christianity"

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The split in Christianity, church schism, schism ("splitting", "splitting") is a division in the Christian church organization caused by theological, canonical, political and other reasons. In Christian theology, the concept of schism includes a break with the Catholic Church of metropolitans, dioceses, parishes, clergy, monks or laity, the cause of which was disagreements of a non-fundamental dogmatic nature. Church schism is usually characterized by the cessation of Eucharistic communion between the divided parties. The parties may mutually recognize the legitimacy of the hierarchy and the validity of the sacraments. For the first time in the Christian tradition, the word schism (σχίσμα) is found in the Gospel of John. In the early Christian Church began the formation of a distinction between the concepts of “heresy” and “schism”. In ecclesiastical usage, the term heresy refers to a serious confrontation based on disagreements over fundamental questions of faith or morality, and the term split generally refers to a lesser form of disunity caused by organizational or less important ideological differences.

The split in the Christian church

Defining the schism in Christianity
In Christian theology, the concept of the unity of the Church was developed by apostles, holy fathers, and apologists. The greatest contribution to the doctrine of church unity was made by the apostles Peter and Paul, the holy fathers Ignatius the God-bearer, Irenaeus of Lyons, Cyprian of Carthage, Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian, John Chrysostom, John Damascene. Christian ecclesiology insists on the assertion that unity and the Church are synonymous, as John Chrysostom wrote: “The name of the Church is not the name of division, but of unity and accord.” According to one of the greatest theologians and Fathers of the Church, Basil the Great: the Church schism is a rupture of unity due to disagreement in the understanding of certain aspects of the established church tradition, reflected in canonical practice. The Hieromartyr Ignatius the God-bearer especially warned Christians against sins that could contribute to church schisms.

In Christianity, the concept of schism includes a break with the Catholic Church of metropolitans, dioceses, parishes, clergy, monks or laity, the cause of which was disagreements of a non-fundamental dogmatic nature. Russian religious scholars A. N. Leshchinsky and A. K. Pogasiy distinguish among the causes of church divisions: theological, canonical, political, economic and reasons associated with individuals. In the history of the Christian Church, schisms often arose because of the non-canonical proclamation of autocephaly, the political confrontation between the metropolitan and the kyriarchal Church, the interference of the state in church life, the disagreement of some clergy and laity with church reforms, the opposite attitude to secular authorities (conformism and non-conformism). The consequences of schisms in the history of the Church have been very different. N. A. Leschinsky and K. A. Pogasy distinguish